Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro woza ibirenge wa Wudu n'amabwiriza yo kuvoma amazi mu misigiti

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo mu bwiherero birananirwa iyo umusenga azamuye ikirenge kimwe hasi. Hasi hanyerera, aho kubika ibintu ku burebure butari bwo, n'amazi asohoka mu gihe cy'amasengesho y'igihe kirekire bihindura inshingano y'imihango mu kaga.icyuma cyo koza ibirenge cya wuduikuraho buri ngingo zose z'ikosa, iyo hagaragajwe umubare w'abakoresha, uruhererekane rw'imihango, n'ubuhanga bwo gusohora amazi kuva mu ntangiriro.

Iyi nyandiko iha komite z’imisigiti, abategura ibyumba byo gusengera ku kibuga cy’indege, n’abayobozi b’ibigo by’amadini menshi ibipimo bakeneye kugira ngo bafate aho gukaraba ibirenge kuva ku gitekerezo kugeza ku gishushanyo cyemewe cy’imashini.

Uburyo Urukurikirane rwa Wudu Rugira Ishusho ku Gishushanyo

Uburyo bwo koza wudhu bukurikiza gahunda idahinduka, kandi buri ntambwe ifite ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo bworoshye:

1. Amaboko(×3): uburebure busanzwe bw'ikibaya bukoreshwa; nta nzira yo kunyuramo ku rwego rwo hasi ikenewe
2. Umunwa n'izuru(×3): agace kamwe k'ikibaya; tekiniki y'amazi apfundikiye, nta guhindura ibikoresho bikenewe
3. Isura(×3): agace kamwe k'ikibaya
4. Amaboko kuva ku nkokora(×3): abakoresha barambura amaboko imbere; ikibaya kinini kigabanya amazi anyuramo
5. Umutwe (guhanagura): inzira imwe; nta mazi atemba akenewe
6. Kuva ku birenge kugeza ku maguru(×3):iyi ntambwe iyobora ibipimo byose by'umuyoboro

Ibirenge ni byo bya nyuma. Kugira ngo umuntu yoze, agomba guterura ikirenge cyose akagishyira ku nkengero z'ikibaya cyangwa akicara maze akazamura ikirenge cyose yerekeza ku mwobo wo hasi. Mu kigo rusange, uburyo bwo kwicara ni bwo buryo bwonyine butuma ibyago byo kugwa bikomeza ku rugero rwemewe. Icyo gisabwa kimwe, umuntu wicaye akaraba ikirenge kimwe icyarimwe, gishyiraho uburebure bw'aho intebe iherereye, aho ibirenge bihagarara, aho ibirenge bihagarara, n'aho amazi anyura.

Ibi bishyira icyuma cyo koza ibirenge cya wudu mu cyiciro kimwe cyo kugabanya amazi mu rwego rwo hasi nk'ukosinki y'amazi n'uburyo ikoreshwa, nubwo imiterere y'umukoresha n'uburyo akurikirana imihango bisaba imiterere itandukanye.

Ingano ikurikije umubare w'abakoresha

Tanga ibanze ryaUburebure bw'umuyoboro w'amazi ugororotse bwa mm 600 (inchi 24) kuri buri mukoreshaMunsi y'uwo mubare, gukorana kw'inkokora hagati y'abakoresha hafi bibangamira umuhango kandi bigatera ikibazo mu gihe abantu benshi baba mu gihe cy'ubucucike.

Isengesho rya Ijumaa ya Gatanu n'amateraniro ya Eid ni byo bigenga imiterere y'inama. Inyubako iyobora itorero ry'abantu 200 binyuze mu kwiyuhagira mu minota iri munsi ya 20 ifite ikibazo cyo kurangiza, kandi umubare w'ibikoresho ni igice kimwe gusa cyabyo. Koresha imbonerahamwe iri hepfo kugira ngo uhuze uburebure bw'aho ujya n'ubushobozi bw'abakoresha icyarimwe:

Ahantu ho kwiyuhagira abagabo n'abagore hagombagushyiraho imiyoboro itandukanye, yigengaaho kuba igice kimwe gifite impande ebyiri. Ibikorwa remezo by'amazi rusange birakwiye; uburyo bwo kugera ku bigega rusange ntabwo byemewe.

Xinhe ni we uhimbaImashini yoza ibirenge ya Wudu ikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese (Model PQ472)mu gice gisanzwe cya mm 500 × 780 × 451 gishyizwe hasi, gifite ingano zihariye n'imirongo myinshi ihoraho ku miyoboro ihuriweho kugira ngo ihuze n'urwego urwo arirwo rwose rw'ubushobozi buri hejuru. Inyubako isanzwe ikoresha icyuma cya Grade 304 kitagira umuhengeri; Grade 316 iraboneka ku nkombe no mu bikari by'amasengesho biri hanze. Ohereza umubare w'abakozi n'ibipimo by'ibyumba ku itsinda rya Xinhe kugira ngo baguhe igitekerezo cy'imiterere ingana.

Imiterere y'ahantu hamwe, habiri, n'ahatatu

Sitasiyo imwe (600 mm)

• Shyira umuyoboro w'amazi ku rukuta rutose: intebe imwe, robine imwe, aho amazi asohokera
• Shyira umuyoboro w'amazi mu nzira ya bugufi y'umuyoboro ugana ku gipangu
• Shyira intebe ku burebure bwa mm 450 ureba aho uterura, hamwe n'ahoInzira isobanutse ya mm 800inyuma yayo

Sitasiyo ebyiri (1,200 mm)

• Ahantu habiri hafite uburebure bwa mm 600 hahurira umuyoboro umwe wo hagati, hamwe n'intebe ku mpera zose
• Ujye imbere mu mwobo ugana imbere mu minota 1:60 uvuye ku mpera zombi, bityo aho amazi asohoka habe hasi cyane
• Guma inzira idafite uburebure bwa mm 800 kuri buri mwanya wicayeho

Sitasiyo eshatu (1,800 mm)

• Ahantu hatatu, ahantu hatatu ho kuvomerera amazi higenga
• Ntugahuze umuyoboro umwe w'amazi ku gipimo cya mm 1.800: iyo umuyoboro w'amazi ugeze ku rugero rwo hejuru, umuyoboro umwe wa mm 75 ntushobora kwihanganira amazi atatu ya robine icyarimwe idasubiye inyuma.
• Gumisha inzira idafite uburebure bwa mm 800 hagati ya buri ruhande rw'imbere rw'intebe n'urukuta cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gihanganye

Ergonomics y'intebe n'ikirenge

Buri gipimo kiri hepfo gishingiye ku kintu kimwe gisabwa: umuntu mukuru wicaye agomba kuzamura ikirenge kimwe kugeza ku kaguru mu mwobo, akawugumana mu gihe cy’amasaha atatu yo gukaraba, hanyuma akamanuka hasi atose ntanyerere.

• Uburebure bw'isura y'intebe:Uhereye hasi huzuye, hahujwe n'uburebure busanzwe bw'intebe kugira ngo ugabanye umunaniro wo mu ruhu mu gihe cyo guterura ikirenge.
• Uburebure bw'umuhanda w'ikirenge:Ushyira agatsinsino ku gitereko cy'amazi hejuru ya mm 150–200 (inchi 6–8) hejuru y'aho ushyira igitereko ku mfuruka isanzwe udashyize ivi hejuru y'ikibuno
• Intera itambitse, intebe imbere y'inkombe ugana hagati y'umuyoboro w'amazi:350–400 mm (14–16 in.), bigatuma robine igera aho umuntu ayireba adateze kumanuka imbere ku ntebe
• Ubugari bw'intebe kuri buri mwanya w'umukoresha:nibura mm 450 (inchi 18) kugira ngo hirindwe ko abantu bahura n'abakoresha ibitugu hafi aho

Kora intebe nk'aho ariigice cy'ingenzi gishongeshejwey'umuyoboro w'amazi. Intebe zipfundikiye zikora neza ahantu hatose mu mezi 18-24: aho umugozi uhurira n'umugozi urangirika maze intebe igatangira gukina ku ruhande bigatera ibyago byo kugwa bitewe n'umutwaro uhindagurika.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro y'amazi no gukumira amazi arenze urugero

Kubura amazi meza ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu nyandiko zo kubungabunga icyuma gisukura ibirenge cya wudu. Impamvu nyamukuru ni hafi ya buri gihe aho amazi asohokera hato, ahantu hatameze neza, cyangwa byombi. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ibipimo ntarengwa by’ubuhanga:

Ku mwobo uwo ari wo wose ufite uburebure burenze mm 2,400, shyiramo aho gusohora amazi anyura kuriimpera zombiaho kuba hagati. Umuyoboro w'amazi ukoreshwa hagati gusa ku buso bwa mm 3.000 ukeneye uburebure bwa 1:30 kugira ngo uvaneho impera ya kure, ikaba ihanitse kurusha uko umukoresha abyifuza kandi bigoye gukora buri gihe. Imiyoboro ibiri ikoreshwa ku buso bwa 1:60 ikemura ikibazo.

Amahitamo yo kugenzura robine:

• Valve y'urukiramende ikoresha infrared:Gufunga byihuse amasegonda 15 bihagarika robine hagati y’intambwe zo gukaraba, isoko nyamukuru y’amazi ahumanya kuri robine zikoreshwa n’intoki; bisaba amashanyarazi adapfa amazi mu gace gatose (nibura transformer ya IP67)
• Valve yifunga ubwayo iteba gukora:Gufunga byemewe n'ikoranabuhanga nta ngufu zishingiye ku mashanyarazi; bikwiranye n'ibikoresho bifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihoraho, cyangwa imishinga ya BREEAM na LEED idashaka ko ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi biba mu turere dutose.
• Aho ufata umugozi ukoresheje lever:igiciro gito; garagaza gusa aho abakozi bagenzura icyumba, kuko robine isigaye itemba igabanya imiterere y'amazi

Ubudahangarwa bw'Inyerera, Ibikoresho, n'Imiterere y'Umutekano

Ahantu ho kwiyuhagira niho hashobora kunyerera cyane kurusha ahandi hose mu rusengero. Abakoresha bava aho bicaye bakajya aho bahagaze hasi hatose mu gihe bagenzura ibirenge bitose n'inkweto zirekuye. Uduce dutatu dukenera ingamba eshatu zo hejuru:

Agace k'ubutose (imbere mu mwobo):Inkingi yo kugabanyirizwaho ibirenge n'ubutaka bwo kuvoma bigomba kuba bifiteishusho ya diyama cyangwa imiterere y'urukutaIrinde ubuso bworoshye burambuye aho igice cyo hasi gihurira n'icyuma. Shyiraho irangi rya brushed (Ra 0.8–1.6 μm) ku buso bwose budafite imiterere; icyuma gishushanyije mu ndorerwamo mu gace gatose ni ikibazo.

Agace k'impinduka (intambwe yo gusohokera):Shyiramo umugozi ufata amazi cyangwa umuyoboro w’amazi wo hasi aho basohokera. Abakoresha basohoka mu mwobo bafite ibirenge bitose bagana ahantu hasanzwe hakorerwa tapi yo gusengera. Umuyoboro w’amazi wa mm 600 ku mwobo usohoka ufata intambwe ebyiri cyangwa eshatu za mbere mbere yuko umukoresha agera ku itapi yo gusengera.

Gari yo gufata:Gerageza gushyira aAgace ko gufataho gafite umurambararo wa mm 32 (inchi 1.25)hagati ya buri mwanya w'umukoresha kuriUgereranyije n'urwego rw'ubutaka rurangiye, uburebure bwa mm 800–900 (31–35 in.). Inzira y'umuhanda ikora kuva ku kwicara kugera ku guhagarara, aho ingaruka zo kugwa cyane muri uru rutonde.

Shyira hasi mu cyumba cyose cyo kwiyuhagira kuamanota make ya R11 yo kurwanya slip pendulum(Agaciro k'ikizamini cya pendulum ≥ 36). R10 ntabwo ihagije kugira ngo ahantu hahora hatose kandi hakurwamo inkweto.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma kitagira umugese ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ceramic na polymer, imfashanyigisho kuni ikihe gikoresho gikora neza mu gusinzira ibikoresho by'ingirakamaro ahantu hahurira abantu benshiikubiyemo amakuru y'imikorere y'igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bitose nk'ibyo.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ese amategeko agenga inyubako asaba ibikoresho byihariye byo gukora wudhu?

Nta kode y'inyubako ivuga "wudu" nk'icyiciro gisabwa. Itegeko ry'uburinganire mu Bwongereza ryo mu 2010, Itegeko ry'ivangura rishingiye ku bafite ubumuga muri Ositaraliya, Itegeko ry'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu muri Kanada, n'amategeko agenga amacumbi yo mu biro bya US Title VII byose bisaba abakoresha n'abakora mu bigo bya leta gutanga amacumbi akwiye mu idini. Mu by'ukuri, ibibuga by'indege bikomeye, za kaminuza, ibigo bya NHS, n'ibigo binini by'ibigo bifata sitasiyo ya wudu yo koza ibirenge nk'itegeko risanzwe rikurikizwa aho kuba ivugurura ry'uburyo bworoshye.

Ni gute wakwirinda impumuro mbi mu cyumba cy’ubwiherero gikorerwamo abantu benshi?

Hari ahantu habiri hagaragara impumuro mbi nyinshi: biofilm mu miyoboro ya ceramic grout, na P-trap amazi seal ahinduka umwuka hagati y'igihe cyo gusenga. Umuyoboro w'icyuma cyose udafite imiyoboro ya grit ukuraho isoko ya mbere. Kuri P-traps, shyiraho umuyoboro ufunga neza (ubujyakuzimu bwa mm 75 ugereranije na mm 50 zisanzwe) hanyuma ushyireho valve ijyana umwuka ku mwobo w'amazi kugira ngo imvune mbi zidashobora gukurura agakoresho k'amazi. Mu minsi y'imodoka nke, solenoid ihendutse yo kongeramo amazi ku murongo w'imyanda ituma agakoresho gakomeza gushyuha.

Ese amazi y'umukara ya wudu ashobora kongera gukoreshwa?

Amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa Wudu afatwa nk'amazi yoroheje y'umukara: make mu bintu bikomeye bihagaze, make mu ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni mu mubiri, kandi nta mwanduza w'amazi y'umukara. Nyuma yo kuyungurura umusatsi n'imigozi no kuvurwa hakoreshejwe karubone cyangwa UV, ikwiriye gusukurwa mu bwiherero cyangwa kuhira ubutaka. Ahantu hanini ho muri UAE, Maleziya, n'ibigo bishya by'amasengesho bya kaminuza zo mu Bwongereza bikoresha uburyo bwo kugarura amazi y'umukara mu buryo bufunze kugira ngo bifashe ingingo zikubiye muri LEED v4 na BREEAM New Construction. Ubu buryo bufite icyo buvuze: itorero ry'abantu 600 rikora isuku mbere y'isengesho ryo kuwa gatanu ritanga litiro zigera kuri 1.200–1.800 z'amazi y'umukara ashobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ni ubushyuhe bungana iki bw'amazi amarobine ya wudu agomba gutanga?

Shyiraho icyuma gifunga amazi (TMV) kugira ngo gitange amazi kuriUbushyuhe bwa 35–38°C (95–100°F)Mu gihe cy'itumba, robine zikoresha amazi akonje gusa zituma abayikoresha bihuta mu muhango, ibyo bikaba byongera amahirwe yo kunyerera iyo bavuyemo. TMV kandi ikuraho ibyago byo gushya iyo amazi ashyushye yiyongereye ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'amazi; amahame menshi y'inyubako zo mu Bwongereza no muri Ositaraliya asaba ko TMV ishyirwa ahantu hose ho kogerwa nk'uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kwirinda.

Urutonde rwa nyuma rw'ibipimo

Koresha uru rutonde nk'irembo ryo kwemeza mbere yo gutanga ibishushanyo bya mekanike byo gushyiraho icyuma cyo koza ibirenge cya wudu.

• Uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'amazi ntarengwa bwa mm 600 bugenwa kuri buri mwanya w'umukoresha
• Ishyirwaho ry'ibigega by'abagabo n'abagore byagenwe nk'ibice byigenga
• Uburebure bw'inyuma y'intebe: mm 450 (inchi 18) hejuru y'aho iparitse
• Uburebure bw'inzira y'ibirenge: mm 150–200 (inchi 6–8) hejuru y'ubutaka bw'aho baterura ibirenge
• Kugera ku mwanya utambitse kuva ku ntebe kugeza ku muyoboro: mm 350–400 (14–16 in.)
• Ubugari bw'intebe kuri buri mwanya: nibura mm 450 (inchi 18); icyuma gishongeshejwe
• Ubuso bw'amazi anyura mu mwobo: nibura 1:60 (16 mm/m)
• Umurambararo w'aho amazi asohokera: mm 75 (inchi 3) kuri buri mwanya; aho amazi asohokera habiri hakoreshwa ahantu harenga mm 2,400
• Umwobo w'urushundura: ntarengwa 4 mm
• Ifu ifunganye mu buryo bwimbitse bwa P-trap (ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi bwa mm 75) byemejwe ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'amazi
• Ibikoresho byo mu ifuru: Ubwoko bwa 304 icyuma kitagira umugese, nibura mm 1.5 (gauge 16); Ubwoko bwa 316 ku nkombe cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye ho hanze
• Inguni z'imbere z'aho ushyiramo amazi: nibura radius ya R10 mm (nta ngingo zisongoye z'impande z'iburyo)
• Agace ko gufataho: umurambararo wa mm 32, 800–900 mm AFF, hagati ya buri mwanya w'umukoresha
• Igorofa ryo mu cyumba cyo kwiyuhagira: Igipimo cya R11 pendulum slip (PTV ≥ 36) mu gace kose gafite amazi

Witeguye kuva ku rutonde rw'ibintu ugomba gukora ukajya ku gishushanyo?Ohereza igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzu yawe n'umubare w'abakozi uteganijwe kuwa gatanu kuri Xinhe kugira ngo bagusuzume neza kandi baguhe ibiciro ku gikoresho cyihariye cyo koza ibirenge cya wudu.