Kāinga > Blog > Ngā Hua Tūmatanui >
He Aratohu Hoahoa me te Aratohu Waikeri mō te Horoi Waewae Wudu mō ngā Mosque
Ka pakaru ngā taputapu wharepaku paerewa ina ara ake te waewae o te tangata karakia i te whenua. Ko ngā papa pahekeheke, ko ngā papa kaute i te teitei hē, me ngā waikeri e hoki mai ana i ngā wā karakia nui ka huri i te mahi karakia hei mōrearea. He mea hanga mō tēnei kaupapa.horoi waewae wuduKa tangohia ia o ēnei pūwāhi rahunga, mena ka whakaarohia e te whakatakotoranga te maha o ngā kaiwhakamahi, te raupapa o ngā kawa, me te hangarau rerenga wai mai i te tīmatanga.
Mā tēnei aratohu ka hoatu ki ngā komiti mōkai, ki ngā kaiwhakamahere rūma inoi o te taunga rererangi, me ngā kaiwhakahaere whare karakia maha ngā tawhā e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i tētahi waka horoi waewae mai i te ariā ki te tuhi mīhini kua whakaaetia.
Te Hanga a te Raupapa Wudu i te Hoahoa
He raupapa pumau te horoinga o te wudu, ā, he pānga ā-tinana tō ia taahiraa:
- Ringaringa(×3): ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi teitei paerewa o te peihana; kāore he urunga ki te taumata papa e hiahiatia ana
- Waha me te ihu(×3): te rohe peihana kotahi; te tikanga wai-kapu, kāore he whakarerekētanga e hiahiatia ana
- Kanohi(×3): rohe takotoranga kotahi
- Ngā ringa ki ngā tuke(×3): ka totoro whakamua ngā ringa o ngā kaiwhakamahi; ka whakaitihia e te peihana whānui te tauhiuhi
- Upoko (te horoi)kotahi te haerenga; kāore he wai e hiahiatia ana
- Waewae ki ngā pona(×3):mā tēnei taahiraa e ārahi te whakatakotoranga katoa o te awaawa
Ko ngā waewae te mea whakamutunga. Hei horoi i a rātou, me hiki ake e te kaiwhakamahi ia waewae ki te taha o te peihana, me noho rānei, ka hiki ake i ia waewae ki te putanga wai iti. I roto i tētahi whare tūmatanui, ko te tikanga noho anake te huarahi hei pupuri i te mōrearea hinga ki te taumata e whakaaetia ana. Ko taua whakaritenga kotahi, arā, ko te horoi a te kaiwhakamahi noho i te waewae kotahi i ia wā, ka whakatakoto i te teitei o te awa, te tūranga nohoanga, te wāhi o te reera o te turanga waewae, me te rohe rerenga wai.
Nā tēnei ka whakanohohia te horoi waewae wudu ki roto i te kāwai rerenga wai iti rite tonu kihe totohu paru me ōna whakamahinga, ahakoa he rerekē te whirihoranga e hiahiatia ana e te tū a te kaiwhakamahi me te raupapa o ngā kawa.
Te Rahi o te Tōhanga mā te Tatau o ngā Kaiwhakamahi
Tohaina he turanga mō600 mm (24 inihi) te roa o te awaawa rārangi mō ia kaiwhakamahiI raro iho i taua paepae, ka whakararuraru te pā o te tuke i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi tata i te kawa, ā, ka puta he wāhi whakararuraru i te wā e tino nohoia ana.
Ko te inoi Paraire Jumu'ah me ngā huihuinga Eid te kawenga e whakahaere ana i te hoahoa. He raruraru nui kei te whakahaerehia e tētahi whare e horoi ana i tētahi whakaminenga 200-tangata i raro i te 20 meneti, ā, he wāhanga noa iho o taua raruraru te maha o ngā rama. Whakamahia te ripanga i raro nei hei whakataurite i te roa o te awaawa ki te kaha o te kaiwhakamahi i te wā kotahi:
| Te roa o te poka | Ngā Kaiwhakamahi Wā Kotahi | Te Tatau o ngā Taputapu | Te Whakamahinga Noa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 600 mm (24 inihi) | 1 | 1 | Rūma inoi tari, rūma iti maha-whakapono |
| 1,200 mm (48 inihi) | 2 | 2 | He whare karakia iti, he rūma huihuinga whakapono maha a te kamupene |
| 1,800 mm (71 inihi) | 3 | 3 | Te pokapū Ihirama hapori, te rūma inoi mō te kawe waka rererangi |
| 2,400 mm (94 inihi) | 4 | 4 | Te whare karakia nui, te whare karakia o te whare wānanga |
| 3,000 mm+ (118 inihi+) | 5+ | 5+ | Te pokapū taunga rererangi nui, te pokapū hui, te papa tākaro |
Me whai wāhi horoi tāne, wahine hokingā whakaurunga poka motuhake, motuhakekaua ki te kotahi te wāhanga taha-rua. E whakaaetia ana te hanganga waikeri ngātahi; kāore e whakaaetia te urunga atu ki te puna wai ngātahi.
Ka tito a Xinhe i teMīhini Horoi Waewae Wudu Kowiri tira (Tauira PQ472)i roto i te papa paerewa 500 × 780 × 451 mm te rahi, me ngā rahi ritenga me ngā rarangi teihana maha tonu i runga i te waikeri tiritahi kia rite ki tetahi taumata kaha i runga ake nei. Ko te hanganga paerewa e whakamahi ana i te maitai kore waikura 304; Kei te wātea te 316 mō ngā wāhi takutai moana me ngā marae karakia ā-waho. Tukuna mai tō tatau tangata me te rahi o te rūma e tumanakohia ana ki te tīma Xinhe mō tētahi tono tahora ine.
Ngā Tahora Teihana Takitahi, Takirua, me Takitoru
Teihana kotahi (600 mm)
- Whakamaua te waka rere kia tata ki te pakitara mākū: kotahi te nohoanga, kotahi te pūwero, kotahi te putanga waikeri
- Whakahaerehia te waikeri i te ara paipa poto rawa atu ki te puranga.
- Whakaturia te nohoanga ki te teitei 450 mm e anga atu ana ki te takotoranga wai, me te800 mm te whānui o te ara māramai muri i a ia
Teihana takirua (1,200 mm)
- E rua ngā tūranga 600 mm e whakamahi tahi ana i te waikeri kotahi i waenganui, me te nohoanga i ia pito
- Whakapikohia te papa o te tāke wai ki roto, 1:60 mai i ngā pito e rua, kia noho te putanga waikeri ki te wāhi o raro rawa.
- Kia 800 mm te whānui o te ara i ia tūnga nohoanga
Teihana takitoru (1,800 mm)
- E toru ngā tūranga, e toru ngā putanga waikeri motuhake
- Kaua e whakakotahi ki te waikeri kotahi i runga i te rerenga 1,800 mm: i te kawenga teitei, kāore e taea e te putanga 75 mm kotahi te whakahaere i ngā rerenga e toru o te taputapu i te wā kotahi me te kore e hoki whakamuri.
- Kia mau tonu te tawhiti 800 mm i waenganui i te taha o mua o ia nohoanga me tetahi pakitara, tetahi atu mea rānei e tū atu ana
Te Ergonomics o te Nohoanga me te Tūru Waewae
Ko ia ine i raro nei e ahu mai ana i tētahi whakaritenga mahi kotahi: me whakaara ake e te pakeke e noho ana tētahi waewae ki te pona ki roto i te takotoranga wai, me pupuri i taua tūranga mō ngā huringa horoi e toru, ā, me heke iho ki runga i te papa mākū me te kore e paheke.
- Teitei o te mata o te nohoanga:450 mm (18 inihi) i runga ake i te papa kua oti, kia rite ki te teitei tūru paerewa hei whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te hope i te wā e hiki ai te waewae
- Teitei o te reera o te turanga waewae:150–200 mm (6–8 inihi) i runga ake i te papa o te awaawa, me te whakanoho i te rekereke ki te koki tūturu me te kore e akiaki i te turi ki runga ake i te hope
- Te tawhiti whakapae, te taha o mua o te nohoanga ki te pokapū o te taputapu:350–400 mm (14–16 inihi), kia taea ai te toro atu ki te taputapu me te kore e piko whakamua atu i te nohoanga
- Whānui nohoanga mō ia tūranga kaiwhakamahi:iti rawa 450 mm (18 inihi) hei ārai i te pa o te pakihiwi ki ngā kaiwhakamahi tata
Hangaia te nohoanga heiwāhanga whakauru whakarewao te anga o te waka. Ka mahi wetekina ngā nohoanga kua whakapurua ki roto i ngā taiao mākū tonu i roto i ngā marama 18–24: ka waikura te atanga miro, ā, ka whakawhanakehia e te nohoanga te nekehanga taha e puta ai te mōrearea hinga i raro i te kawenga hihiri.
Te Hoahoa Waikeri me te Ārai i te Taipuke
Ko te ngoikore o te waikeri te amuamu tino kitea i roto i ngā tuhinga tiaki o te horoi waewae wudu. Ko te pūtake o te nuinga o te wā he iti te rahi o te putanga, he koretake te pari, he rua rānei. Kei te ripanga i raro nei ngā tawhā hangarau iti rawa:
| Tawhā Waikeri | Whakatakotoranga iti rawa | Kaupapa Hangarau |
|---|---|---|
| Te pari o te papa o te awaawa | 1:60(16 mm te maturuturunga iho mō ia mita) | Ka whakakore i te wai e tū ana; ka nekehia te paru ki te putanga |
| Te whānui o te putanga waikeri | 75 mm (3 inihi) | Ka whakahaere i te rere o ngā taputapu maha i te wā kotahi; ātete ki te aukati i ngā huruhuru |
| Hononga paipa para | Tika ki te mahanga-P, iti rawa te poka 50 mm (2 inihi) | Ka ārai i te hau paru mai i te urunga ki te wāhi karakia |
| Te whakatuwheratanga o te whatunga tātari | Mōrahi.4 mm | Ka hopu i te makawe me te muka i mua i te paipa para |
| Teitei o te ngutu puhake | 50 mm i runga ake i te raina kati taputapu | Ārai i te waipuke mēnā ka pakaru, ka tūwhera rānei te takirere pūoko |
Mō tētahi awaawa roa atu i te 2,400 mm, tāutahia ngā putanga waikeri kingā pito e ruakaua ki waenganui. Me whai pari 1:30 te roa o te waikeri pokapū-anake i runga i te pari 3,000 mm kia mārama ai te pito tawhiti, he pari ake tēnei i te whakamarie o te kaiwhakamahi, ā, he uaua hoki ki te hanga kia rite tonu. E whakaoti ana i te āhuahanga ngā paipa e rua i runga i te pari rua 1:60.
Ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere taputapu:
- Takirere pūoko infrared:ka mutu te rere o ngā taputapu i waenga i ngā horoinga mā te whakaweto aunoa mō te 15 hēkona, te pūtake matua o te para wai i ngā taputapu ā-ringa; me whai pūtake hiko ā-wai i te rohe mākū (iti rawa te whakawhiti hiko IP67)
- Takirere kati-ā-roto whakaroa:te whakaweto ā-ringa i te wā tika, kāore he whakawhirinakitanga hiko; e tika ana mō ngā whare whai hiko wā poto, ngā kaupapa BREEAM me LEED rānei e hiahia ana ki te kore hanganga hiko i ngā wāhi makuku
- Pātene kakau-rīpene:te utu iti rawa; tohua noa te wāhi e aroturukihia ana te rūma e ngā kaimahi, nā te mea ka hinga te hoahoa waikeri mēnā ka mahue te rere o te puna wai
Ātete Paheke, Rauemi, me te Rohe Haumaru
Ko te wāhi horoi te wāhi tino mōrearea paheke o ngā wāhi katoa o te whare karakia. Ka neke ngā kaiwhakamahi mai i te noho ki te tū i runga i te papa mākū, me te pupuri i ngā waewae mākū me ngā hu e kore e tika ana. E toru ngā rautaki mata e hiahiatia ana mō ngā rohe e toru:
Rohe mākū (i roto i te awaawa):Me mau te reera o te turanga waewae me te papa o te waka i tetauira taimana, kakano whakawhiti-pōtae rāneiĀta karohia ngā mata maeneene papatahi i ngā wāhi katoa e pā ana te kapu ki te maitai. Whakaritea he paninga paraihe (Ra 0.8–1.6 μm) mō ngā mata katoa kāore i te kakano; he mea whakararu te whakamahi i te maitai kua orohia ki te whakaata i te wāhi mākū.
Rohe whakawhiti (taahiraa putanga):Tāutahia he whāriki rapa mimiti, he paipa waikeri rānei ki te putanga. Ka puta atu ngā kaiwhakamahi i te wāhi takotoranga wai me ō rātou waewae mākū ki runga i te wāhi e kīia ana he whare karakia he whāriki. Ka hopukia e te ārai rohe mākū 600 mm i te putanga takotoranga wai ngā hikoinga tuatahi e rua, e toru rānei i mua i te taenga atu o te kaiwhakamahi ki te whāriki karakia.
Rerewē hopu:Whakanohoia heHe reera hopu kowiri tira 32 mm (1.25 inihi) te whānuii waenganui i ia tūranga kaiwhakamahi i800–900 mm (31–35 inihi) i runga ake i te taumata o te papa kua otiMā te reera e neke mai i te noho ki te tū, te wāhi tino mōrearea o te hinganga i roto i te raupapa.
Tauwhāitihia te papa puta noa i te rūma horoi katoa ki tētahite iti rawa o te whakatauranga ātete paheke pendulum R11(uara whakamātautau pendulum ≥ 36). Kāore e ranea te R10 mō te taiao mākū tonu me te tango hu.
| Rauemi | Pūngao | Te Mōrearea o te Huakita | Tikanga Horoi | Te Ora Ratonga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momo 304 kowiri tira | Kore | He iti (kāore he rārangi kūmara) | Horoi patu huakita koretake, ia rā | 20+ tau |
| Tāera uku me te grout | Teitei (gruut) | Teitei (koiora kiriata i roto i te grout) | Te horoi i te kirikiri, ia wiki | 8–12 tau |
| Raina hiri | Waenga | Waenga (whakakīkī mata) | Te hiri anō i ia tau | 5–7 tau (i mua i te hiri anō) |
Mō te whakataurite whānui i waenga i ngā kōwhiringa kowiri tira me te uku me te pūmua, te aratohu mōKo tēhea rauemi e pai ana mō te totohu wai i ngā wāhi e nui ana te tangata e haereere anae kapi ana i ngā raraunga mahi mō te wā roa puta noa i ngā taiao mākū rite tonu.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Me whai wāhi motuhake te whare mō te wudu i raro i ngā ture hanga?
Kāore he waehere hanga whare e kī ana i te "wudu" hei akomanga tūmau e hiahiatia ana. Ko te UK Equality Act 2010, ko te Australian Discrimination Act, ko te Canadian Human Rights Act, me te US Title VII workplace noho ture katoa e hiahia ana ki ngā kaitukumahi me ngā kaiwhakahaere whare tūmatanui kia whakarato i ngā wāhi whakapono e tika ana. I roto i te mahi, ko ngā taunga rererangi nui, ko ngā whare wānanga, ko ngā NHS trust, me ngā puni umanga nui e whakaaro ana ki tētahi teihana horoi waewae wudu motuhake hei whakaritenga ture paerewa, kaua ki te whakapai ake i te wā e hiahiatia ana.
Me pēhea te ārai i te haunga kino i roto i te rūma horoi e nui ana te tangata?
E rua ngā pūtake e whakaatu ana i te nuinga o ngā amuamu haunga: ko te kiriata koiora i roto i ngā hononga uku uku, me ngā hiri wai P-trap e mimiti ana i waenga i ngā wā inoi. Ka whakakorea te pūtake tuatahi e te oko maitai katoa kāore he hononga uku. Mō ngā P-trap, tohua he mahanga hiri hohonu (75 mm te hohonu o te hiri wai, kaua ki te 50 mm paerewa) ka tāuta he takirere whakauru hau ki runga i te puranga hau kia kore ai e mimiti te hiri i ngā pānga pēhanga kino. I ngā rā iti te haere, ka pupuri te hiri i te solenoid whakakī wai iti te utu i runga i te raina para kia utua tonutia.
Ka taea te hangarua i te wai hina o te wudu?
Ko te rerenga o te Wudu he wai hina māmā: he iti ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, he iti te hiahia hāora matū koiora, ā, kāore he poke o te wai pango. Whai muri i te tātari tuatahi mō te makawe me te muka me te maimoatanga tuarua ki te waro whakahohe, ki te UV rānei, he pai mō te horoi wharepaku, te whakamakuku whenua rānei. Ko ngā whakaurunga nui i roto i te UAE, Malaysia, me ngā pokapū karakia whare wānanga hou o te UK e whakamahi ana i te whakaora wai hina katia hei koha i ngā tohu i raro i te LEED v4 me te BREEAM New Construction. He mea nui te rahinga: ko te whakaminenga 600-tangata e horoi ana i mua i te karakia Paraire ka whakaputa i te 1,200–1,800 rita o te wai hina ka taea te hangarua.
He aha te pāmahana wai e tika ana mō ngā taputapu wudu?
Whakatakotoria te takirere whakaranu thermostatic (TMV) kia tukuna te wai ki35–38°C (95–100°F)I te takurua, ka akiakihia ngā kaiwhakamahi e ngā taputapu wai matao anake kia tere te mahi i te kawa, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te paheke ina puta atu. Ka tangohia hoki e te TMV te tūponotanga wera mena ka piki ake te pāmahana o ngā puna wai wera; ko te nuinga o ngā paerewa o te UK me Ahitereiria e hiahia ana kia tāutahia te TMV ki tētahi wāhi horoi e taea ana te uru atu hei tiaki tūāpapa.
Rārangi Arowhai Whakatakotoranga Whakamutunga
Whakamahia tēnei rārangi hei keti whakaae-mua i mua i te tuku i ngā tuhi mīhini mō te tāutanga horoi waewae wudu.
- Te roa iti rawa o te awaawa rārangi 600 mm kua tohaina mō ia tūranga kaiwhakamahi
- Ngā whakaurunga tāne me te wahine kua tohua hei wae motuhake
- Teitei o te mata o te nohoanga: 450 mm (18 inihi) i runga ake i te papa kua oti
- Teitei o te reera tūnga waewae: 150–200 mm (6–8 inihi) i runga ake i te papa o te awaawa
- Te toronga whakapae mai i te nohoanga ki te taputapu: 350–400 mm (14–16 inihi)
- Whānui nohoanga mō ia tūranga: iti rawa 450 mm (18 inihi); hanganga whakauru whakarewa
- Te pari o te waikeri o te papa o te awaawa: 1:60 (16 mm/m) te iti rawa
- Te whānui o te putanga waikeri: 75 mm (3 inihi) mō ia tūranga; ngā putanga takirua mō ngā oma neke atu i te 2,400 mm
- Te pūaha o te mata tātari: mōrahi 4 mm
- Kua whakaūngia te hiri hohonu o te mahanga-P (75 mm te hohonu o te wai) i runga i te mahere rerenga wai
- Rauemi o te tāke: Momo maitai kore waikura 304, iti rawa 1.5 mm (16 ine); Momo 316 mō ngā wāhi takutai moana, wāhi haurua-waho rānei
- Ngā kokonga o roto o te awaawa: te iti rawa o te pūtoro R10 mm (kāore he hononga koi o te koki matau)
- Reri hopu: 32 mm te whānui, 800–900 mm AFF, i waenganui i ia tūranga kaiwhakamahi
- Papa o te rūma horoi: Te whakatauranga paheke pendulum R11 (PTV ≥ 36) puta noa i te rohe mākū katoa
Kua rite koe ki te neke mai i te rārangi arowhai ki te tuhi?Tukuna mai tō mahere papa me te maha o ngā tāngata e tumanakohia ana mō te Paraire ki a Xinhe hei arotake i ngā whakatakotoranga me te utu whakatau mō te whirihoranga horoi waewae wudu ritenga.
