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Totohu Mopa Kowiri tira NSF me ngā Whakaritenga Ture mō ngā Rūma Kaitiaki Kāpata
Ka tomo wawe ngā kaitirotiro hauora ki ngā rūma horoi arumoni, ā, ki te ngaro, ki te kore rānei e tutuki ngā whakaritenga, ka aukati i te hanganga, ka kore e eke ki te tirotiro, ka hiahiatia rānei he whakahoutanga utu nui. Mā te kore tika o te tuku wai mōpa me te korenga o ngā taputapu rere whakamuri ka puta he tūponotanga whakawhiti ki te puna wai o te tāone.
E kapi ana tēnei aratohu i ngā ture e toru e whakahaere ana i te totohu mopa maitai kore waikura i te Hononga o Amerika, ngā paerewa rauemi NSF/ANSI e whakatau ana mēnā e tika ana tō taputapu, me ngā ture tāutanga ā-tinana me tutuki e tō kaimahi paipa i mua i te tirotiro whakamutunga.
Hei kite i te hononga o ēnei taputapu ki te teihana horoi o tō whare, pānuihia tā mātou tirohanga whānui mōHe aha te totohu ratonga me pēhea te mahii mua i te arotake i ngā whakaritenga waehere i raro nei.
1. Ngā Ture e Toru e Whakahaere ana i ngā Totohu Mopa Arumoni
E toru ngā anga ture e whakahaere ana i ngā whakaurunga totohu ratonga arumoni. Me tutuki i tō whare katoa ngā whakaritenga e toru i te wā kotahi.
| Waehere / Paerewa | Te Rōpū Whakahaere | Ngā Mea e Whakahaeretia ana e Ia |
|---|---|---|
| Te Ture Kai a te FDA § 5-203.13 | Te Whakahaere Kai me te Rongoā o Amerika | Me whai i te iti rawa kia kotahi te totohu ratonga, kia kotahi rānei te wāhi horoi ārai i roto i ngā whare kai; ka āraia te maka para mopa ki roto i ngā totohu whakarite kai, ki ngā totohu horoi ringa rānei |
| UPC § 418.0 / IPC § 410.0 | IAPMO / ICC | Whakahaere i te rahi o ngā paipa waikeri, ngā whakaritenga mahanga, te ārai i te rerenga whakamuri, me ngā rahi putanga para |
| Paerewa NSF/ANSI 2 | NSF International | Ka whakatakoto i ngā paerewa hanganga rauemi, te whakaotinga mata, me te hanganga tuitui mō ngā taputapu rohe kai |
Te Kupu Whaimana: "Tohu Totohu Ratonga" me te He aha i Mau ai te "Tohu Totohu Mopa"
E huaina ana tēnei taputapu e ngā ture parakaingaki me ngā ture kai hetotohu ratongahe peihana pumau e whakamahia ana mō te whakakī me te whakakore i ngā taputapu horoi me te maka i ngā wai para o te whare tiaki. I te papa mahi me ngā rārangi hua, ka kiia te taputapu kotahi hetotohu mopaI ahu mai taua ingoa i te mahi matua o te taputapu, arā, te whakakī me te horoi i ngā peere mopa, ā, koinei te kupu e whakamahia ana e ngā kaituku, ngā kaimahi paipa, me ngā kaihoko hei rapu me te tautuhi i ngā taputapu. E tohu ana ngā kupu e rua ki te hua kotahi. Kei roto i ngā ture te "totohu ratonga"; ko te "totohu mopa" te tikanga o te hoko me te tāuta.
Te Ture Kai a te FDA § 5-203.13e hiahiatia ana kia whakaratohia e ngā whare kai kia kotahi te totohu ratonga. Ko ngā kaimahi e horoi ana i ngā mopa, e horoi kakahu rānei i roto i te totohu horoi rihi e toru ngā wāhanga, i te totohu whakarite kai rānei, ka takahi i tētahi takahi nui, ā, ka tonohia e ngā kaitirotiro kia tere tonu te whakatika.
2. Paerewa NSF/ANSI 2: Ngā Ture Rauemi me te Hanganga
Ko te Paerewa NSF/ANSI 2 (Taputapu Kai) e tautuhi ana i ngā paerewa rauemi me te hanga iti rawa mō ngā taputapu katoa i roto i te rohe tauhiuhi o te whare kai arumoni. Me tutuki i te totohu mopa kowiri tira e mau ana te tohu NSF ngā wāhanga katoa i raro nei.
He aha te momo kowiri tira 304 te pūtake
E hiahiatia ana e te Paerewa NSF/ANSI 2 kia maeneene, kia kore e pūwero, kia ātete hoki ki te waikura ngā mata i roto i ngā rohe tauhiuhi. Kāore e tutuki i tēnei whakaritenga te maitai peita, te konutea piauau, me ngā konganuku whakakikoruatia angiangi.
- Koranu:TauwhāitihiaMomo 304 kowiri tira(18% chromium, 8% nickel iti rawa). Ka ātete tēnei hanganga ki te pakaru mai i ngā hopi horoi kawakore me ngā horoi horoi kei roto he chlorine i ngā reiti whakaranu paerewa.
- Ine:Tauwhāitihia16-ine (1.5 mm) or 14-ine (2.0 mm)Ka piko tetahi mea angiangi i raro i te kawenga peihana kua whakakīia, ka whakatuwhera i ngā kapiti moroiti i ngā hononga whakarewa e kohia ai ngā toenga rauropi. Ka āraihia e te totohu mopa kowiri tira he 16-ine te pānga o ia rā o ngā peere taumaha.
Ngā Whakaritenga Hanganga ā-Tino
- Ngā kokonga kua kōpikopikohia:E āraia ana e te Paerewa NSF/ANSI 2 ngā hononga tuitui ā-roto koi 90-tohu. Me whai porowhita kōpiko ngā kokonga katoa i roto i te peihana oR10 mm ki te R15 mmiti rawa. Ka whakakorea e tēnei ngā mahanga paru e aukati ana i te akuaku whai hua.
- Ngā whakarewatanga rere tonu:Me huri katoa ngā hononga whakarewa kia rite ki te mata e karapoti ana. Mēnā he taratara te rahi o te whakarewa, he kōhao iti e kitea ana, he rārangi whakarewa kāore anō kia oti, kāore e eke ki ngā arotakenga akuaku.
- Papa takotoranga pari:Me piko ōrite te raro o te takotoranga wai ki te putanga o te waikeri. Ko te wai e tū ana i roto i te takotoranga wai e tohu ana i te āhua pari kāore i te tika, ā, ka puta he tohu mō te korenga o te akuaku.
3. Te Ārai i te Rerenga Whakamuri: Ngā Waehere Pakaru Korehau
Ko te ārai i te rere whakamuri te mea e tino tirotirohia ana e ngā kaitirotiro paipa i ngā whakaurunga totohu mopa. He maha ngā wā ka piri ngā taputapu horoi rūma ki ngā ipu matū, ka rukuhia rānei ki roto i ngā peere mopa paru, ka puta he tūponotanga whakawhiti tika ki te puna wai inu o te whare. I runga i te totohu mopa kowiri tira, ka aro tēnei tūponotanga ki te pūwero o te ngongo.
Ngā Pūwhakakore Korehau Āhuarangi (AVB)
UPC § 603.5.7meIPC § 608.15.4E rua ngā mea e hiahiatia ana he ārai rere whakamuri mō ngā hononga ngongo miro katoa. Ina honoa he ngongo ki te taputapu horoi mopa, ka puta he mimiti wai paru ka taea te whakahoki mai ki te raina tuku wai ma i te hekenga ohorere o te pēhanga wai ā-rohe.
Ko te otinga waehere hePūwhakakore Korehau Āhuarangi (AVB)i whakamaua ki te taha tukunga o te takirere taputapu. Kei te whakaatu te ripanga i raro nei i te raupapa tika me te ture teitei.
| Hipanga | Wāhanga | Whakaritenga waehere |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Takirere wai (pūtāhui wai) | Ko te whakaweto o te awa e whakahaere ana i te tukunga mai o te puna |
| 2 | Pūwhakakore Korehau Āhuarangi (AVB) | Whakamaua ki te taha tukunga, kia 150 mm (6 inihi) te iti rawa i runga ake i te taha o te taumata waipuke teitei rawa o te peihana, i te tomokanga matū teitei rawa rānei. |
| 3 | Pupuhi ngongo miro | Hono atu ki te peere mopa, ki te ipu matū rānei |
Ngā Ture AVB Tino Hira
- Teitei:Whakamaua te AVB i te iti rawa150 mm (6 inihi)kei runga ake i te taha teitei rawa o te awaawa. Mena ka hono atu he pūnaha tohatoha matū ki raro iho, me ine mai i te putanga teitei rawa o taua tohatoha.
- Kāore he aukati i te awa whakararo:Kāore e taea te tāuta i tētahi takirere kati i raro i te pūwāhi whakakore korehau hau. Mena he takirere ā-roto tō te pūnaha matū, whakapai ake ki tētahiPūwhakawehe Korehau Pēhanga (PVB)he rāneiRohe Pēhanga Whakaitihia (RPZ)huihuinga
- Wāwāhi miro ngongo kore e taea te tango:Me whakamahi ngā taputapu horoi miro-ngā ngongo e mau ana ki tētahi tīwiri kāore e taea te tango kia kore ai e taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te tahaki i te taputapu.
4. Ngā Ahu ā-Tino, Ngā Wāhi Whakawātea, me ngā Ture mō te Waikeri Papa
Te Hōhonutanga o te Puna Wai mō te Whakatutukitanga i ngā Ture
Ko te nuinga o ngā mana hauora ā-rohe e tumanako ana kia iti iho i te iti rawa te hohonu o te peihana totohu kowiri tira200 mm ki te 300 mm (8 ki te 12 inihi). Mā tēnei ka ārai i te taunga mai o te wai mai i te tae atu ki ngā pakitara porowhita e karapoti ana, ka puta ai te pirau hanganga me te tupu o te harore i muri i te taputapu. Mō tētahi whakamārama taipitopito mō te rerekētanga o ngā whakaritenga hohonu i runga i te momo whare, tirohia tā mātou aratohu mōte hohonu o te totohu o te peihana mopa mō te tiaki wharee kapi ana i ngā taurangi kōwhiringa matua.
Ngā Whakaritenga Whakawātea me te Tāutanga
- Te tata o te waikeri papa:He maha ngā mana whakahaere paipa ā-rohe e tumanako ana ka noho te totohu ratonga i roto i te...1,500 mm (5 putu)o te puranga paipa matua o te papa hei pupuri i te putanga hau tika me te tere tika o ngā paipa waikeri.
- Te parenga pakitara o te rohe taupatupatu:Tiakina ngā mata pakitara katoa o roto450 mm (18 inihi)o te awhi totohu me te rauemi kore-mimiti. Ka tutuki i ngā panera pakitara kowiri tira, i te papa FRP rānei tēnei whakaritenga.
- Ngā rūma horoi e wātea ana ki te ADA:Mēnā e hiahiatia ana he rūma horoi e wātea ana, tāutahia he puna kaukau ārai e mau ana ki te papa me te teitei mōrahi o te ārai100 mm (4 inihi)kia taea ai te huri i te pākete mopa ki runga i te paepae.
5. Whakamau ki te Pakitara, ki te Tū motuhake rānei: Ko tēhea Whirihoranga e Tutuki ana ki tō Waehere
Ka tutuki i ngā momo totohu e rua te tutuki i ngā ture katoa ina tāuta tika. Ko te kōwhiringa whirihoranga ka whakawhirinaki ki tō wāhi tāuru, te wāhi papa e wātea ana, me te hanganga pakitara. Ka mahi te totohu mopa kowiri tira kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o tētahi o ngā tahora ina whai te kaimahi paipa i ngā ture tāuru.
| Āhuatanga | Whakamau ki te Pakitara | Tū motuhake |
|---|---|---|
| Pai rawa atu mō | Ngā rūma horoi kiato; me noho mārama te papa mō te horoi | Ngā rūma whaipainga nunui; ngā mahi horoi paipa papa-papa |
| Te Whakaritenga mō te Pakitara | Pereti tautoko taumaha e mau ana ki ngā pou | Kāore |
| Tātarihia te Tātaritanga ki roto | Mā roto i te pakitara mākū | Piki ake mā roto i te papa |
| Whakawātea ADA | He māmā ake te whakatutuki i te āputa turi e hiahiatia ana | Me tūpato te tūnga o ngā waewae |
| Tauira i Manakohia | Totohu Mopa Whaihua e Mau ana ki te Pakitara LA131 | Totohu mopa kowiri tira arumoni A15-4 |
Rārangi Arowhai Tāutanga i mua i te Tirotiro
- Kei a Basin te tohu tiwhikete NSF/ANSI Paerewa 2 o nāianei.
- Momo maitai kore waikura 304 i te iti rawa 16-ira
- Kua hipokina ngā kokonga o roto katoa ki te radius R10 mm, neke atu rānei.
- Kua tāutahia te AVB ki runga i te pūwero o te taputapu, kei runga ake i te 150 mm i te taha waipuke teitei rawa atu
- Hononga paipa P-trap 50 mm (2-inihi) te iti rawa
- Ngā pakitara e karapoti ana i te mea e tiakina ana ki ngā rauemi kore-mimiti tae atu ki te 450 mm i runga ake i te awhi o te totohu
- Mō ngā waeine e mau ana ki te pakitara: he pūmau e mau ana ki ngā pou pakitara
- Mō ngā waeine tū motuhake: kua whakatikatikaina ngā waewae whakataurite; ngā waewae o muri kua punga ki te papa
Ngā Pātai Auau
E hiahiatia ana he totohu mopa i raro i te ture i roto i tētahi wharekai arumoni?
Ae. E hiahiatia ana e te Ture Kai a te FDA § 5-203.13 kia whakaratohia e ia whare kai te iti rawa i te kotahi te totohu ratonga, te whare horoi ārai rānei. Ko ngā whare kāore he totohu ratonga motuhake, ā, e āhei ana i ngā kaimahi ki te maka i te wai mōpa ki roto i ngā totohu whakarite kai, ki ngā totohu horoi taonga rānei, ka takahia te ture i ngā wā tirotiro hauora o ia rā.
Me whakamahi he pūwehe korehau hei horoi i te totohu mopa?
Āe, mēnā he hononga ngongo miro tō te taputapu. E whakahau ana te UPC § 603.5.7 me te IPC § 608.15.4 i te aukati i te rere whakamuri i ngā putanga ngongo miro. Ka tutuki i te nuinga o ngā tāutanga paerewa tēnei whakaritenga mā te kaiwawao korehau hau. Mēnā he takirere kati kei raro iho, whakapai ake ki te kaiwawao korehau pēhanga, ki te huihuinga RPZ rānei.
Ka taea e te paipa waikeri papa o te rūma horoi te whakakapi i te totohu mopa?
Kāo. Ka taea e te paipa wai papa te whakahaere i ngā turuturu tūpono. Kāore e whakaratohia te wāhi horoi motuhake, te tiaki rerenga whakamuri rānei e hiahiatia ana e te FDA Food Code § 5-203.13. Kāore e taea e te paipa wai papa te whakakapi i te totohu ratonga; engari he tāpiri atu ki tēnei.
He aha te rahi o te paipa e hiahiatia ana mō te totohu mopa arumoni?
Ka whakatakotohia e te Ripanga UPC 702.1 te iti rawa ki te50 mm (2-inihi)paipa para. Kāore te paipa waikeri whare 40 mm (1.5-inihi) e tutuki i ngā ture mō ngā totohu ratonga arumoni nā te mea kāore e taea te whakahaere i te nui o te paru me te rerenga wai para e whakaputaina ana e ēnei taputapu.
Te Katinga
E toru ngā tau e tautuhi ana i tētahi tāutanga totohu mopa maitai kore waikura e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga:Te hohonutanga iti rawa o te takotoranga wai 200 mm, Paipa waikeri iti rawa 50 mm, meTeiteitanga AVB 150 mm i runga ake i te taha waipukeHonoa ēnei ki te maitai kore waikura Momo 304 kua whakamanahia e te NSF i te 16-gauge, ngā kokonga o roto kua kōpikopiko, me te parenga pakitara i roto i te rohe tauhiuhi, ā, ka paahitia e tō rūma horoi te tirotiro i te haerenga tuatahi.
