Igikarabiro cy'ibice 3: Amategeko, gahunda, n'intambwe

1. Igice cya mbere gikoresha amazi ashyushye arimo isabune (110°F–120°F) kugira ngo yoze neza amasahani kandi akureho ibisigazwa by'ibiryo.
2. Igice cya kabiri gikoresha amazi meza kugira ngo cyogeshe isabune yose.
3. Igice cya gatatu gikoresha umuti wo gusukura ku rugero rukwiye (nk'umuti wa chlorine wa 50–100ppm) cyangwa amazi ashyushye (≥171°F) mu gusukura.

Sinki ifite ibice bitatu ni iki?

A sinki y'ibice bitatuni ahantu ho koza amasahani hakozwe n'intoki hagabanyijemo ibikombe bitatu bitandukanye iruhande. Iyi miterere si imiterere y'ahantu hatandukanye gusa; ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro cyakozwe hifashishijwe inzira y'isuku yemejwe na siyansi.

Imiterere y'ibanze

• Igice cya mbere (Ahantu ho gukaraba):Kuvanaho amavuta, umwanda wo hejuru, n'ibice by'ibiryo bigaragara.
• Igice cya kabiri (Ahantu ho koza):Kugira ngo woze isabune n'agapfukamunwa bisigaye.
• Igice cya gatatu (Ahantu ho gusukura):Kunywesha amasahani mu mazi kugira ngo byice bagiteri zitagaragara n'udukoko twanduza indwara.

Ibyinshi muri ibi bikoresho byubatswe mu byuma bitagira umugese kuko ibikoresho bidapfa kwangirika, guhindagurika cyangwa ngo bishire mu gikoni gitose kandi gifite abantu benshi. Ubuso bw'icyuma bworoshye burinda umwanda gufatirwa mu tunyangingo duto, bigatuma igikoni cyoroha kandi kigakomeza kugezwa ku rwego rw'umwuga.

Iyi miterere y'ibice bitatu irinda abashyitsi bawe ibuza kwanduzanya no kugabanya ibyago byo gukwirakwira kwa bagiteri mu biribwa binyuze mu bikoresho bisukuye.

Ibisabwa n'amategeko ku birebana n'ibisinki bifite ibice bitatu

Ibikoni by'ubucuruzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigomba gukurikiza amabwiriza akaze mu nzego zitandukanye z'amategeko kugira ngo bigenzurwe:

Ibisabwa ku Mategeko y'Ibiryo ya FDA

Itegeko rigenga ibiribwa rya FDA ritegeka ko amasahani yose yogejwe n'intoki, ibirahuri, n'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni binyura mu byiciro bitatu byihariye: gukaraba, koza no gusukura. Amategeko y'ingenzi arasobanutse:

• Amazi yo mu gikoni cyo gukaraba ntashobora kumanuka munsi ya 43.3°C (110°F).
• Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashyushye cyangwa ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashyushye mu gikombe cya nyuma kigomba kuguma ku bunini bukwiye.
• Ibintu byose bigombazumisha umwuka mu buryo busanzweku gitambaro. Kumisha amasahani ukoresheje igitambaro ni ukwica amategeko ataziguye.

Amabwiriza y'Ubuzima ya Leta n'ay'Akarere

Abagenzuzi b'ibanze bakunze kongeramo andi mategeko hejuru y'amategeko rusange. Ni ibisanzwe ko amategeko y'ubuzima yo mu gace asaba:

• Inyandiko zanditse zigaragaza ingano ya buri munsi y'imiti isukura imiti.
• Ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi byashyizwe ku murongo intambwe ku yindi hejuru y'ibiyiko byo gusinziramo amazi.
• Ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri hejuru cyane hashingiwe ku mabwiriza y'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu gace utuyemo.

Mu gihe cyo gusura ishami ry’ubuzima, abagenzuzi bazabanza kugenzura aho sinki yawe iherereye. Kutubahiriza aya mahame bishobora gutuma ucibwa amande ako kanya, ucibwa amande menshi, cyangwa ugafungwa by’agateganyo.

Uburyo bwo gukaraba neza

Ugomba gukora umurongo uko bikurikirana—ubusanzwe uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo, bitewe n'uburyo imiyoboro yawe ishyirwamo. Gusimbuka ikibaya byangiza imikorere y'imiyoboro yose.

1. Icyumba cya mbere: Ahantu ho gukaraba

• Uzuza amazi ashyushye mu gikombe kiri hagati ya 110°F na 120°F (43.3°C kugeza 48.9°C).
• Vanga isabune yo mu birori kugeza igihe uvangiye isabune nini kandi imeze nk'isabune.
• Sukura buri kintu neza ukoresheje uburoso busukuye cyangwa agapapuro gakomeye.
• Kuraho buri gisigazwa cy'amavuta n'ibisigazwa by'ibiryo.

Impamvu ari ingenzi:Isuku ntishobora kwinjira mu mavuta menshi cyangwa mu gipfundikizo cy'ibiribwa. Iyo usize imyanda ikomeye ku isahani, ubwogero bw'imiti mu ntambwe ya gatatu ntibukora, bigatuma amazi yawe meza aba ahantu ho kororokera bagiteri.

2. Icyumba cya kabiri: Ahantu ho koza

• Uzuza amazi meza mu gikombe agumanye ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 43.3°C (110°F).
• Shyira amasahani yose arimo isabune munsi y'amazi.
• Karaba uduce twose tw'isabune hanyuma utwikuremo agapira mbere yo kubikuramo.

Impamvu ari ingenzi:Udupira tw'isabune dusigaye dusubiza umwanda ku isahani. Ikirenzeho, isabune yo mu masahani ni alkaline; iyo uyijyanye mu gikombe cya gatatu, ihindura urugero rwa pH kandi igakuraho umuti wica udukoko.

3. Icyumba cya Gatatu: Agace ko gusukura

Ushobora gusukura ibikoresho byo mu gikoni ukoresheje bumwe mu buryo bubiri bwemewe:

Uburyo bwa A: Isuku mu mazi ashyushye

• Ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugomba kuguma hejuru cyangwa hejuruUbushyuhe bugera kuri 171°F (77.2°C).
• Bika ibintu byose mu mazi byibuze mu giheAmasegonda 30.

Uburyo B: Isuku y'ibinyabutabire

• Vanga imiti yemewe ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi (nk'umuti wa chlorine) mu mazi.
• Kurikiza amabwiriza yo gupakira neza kugira ngo ugere ku gipimo gikwiye cy'imiti.
• Reka amasahani agume munsi y'amazi mu gihe gisabwa (ubusanzweIminota 1 kugeza kuri 2).

Impamvu ari ingenzi:Iyi ntambwe ni yo nzira ya nyuma yo kwirinda uburozi bw'ibiryo. Yica udukoko duto cyane dusiga isabune isanzwe no gusukura.

Ubuyobozi burambuye bw'intambwe ku yindi

Imyiteguro

1. Kuramo amazi yose uko ari atatu hanyuma usukemo amasafuriya arimo ubusa.
2. Tegura ibikoresho byawe byo gusukura: isabune yo gusana amasahani, umuti wo gusukura wemewe, uduce two gupima imiti, icyuma gipima ubushyuhe cyizewe, udupapuro two gusukura dushya, n'icyuma gipima igihe.
3. Genzura neza ko imiyoboro y'amazi yo hasi n'amazi y'amazi arenze uko yakabaye.
4. Kura ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa binini n'ibisigaye mu myanda mbere yo kuvomesha amasahani.

Amabwiriza agenga ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'isukura

Igihe gito cyo kwiyuhagira mu mazi

1. Gukaraba mu mazi ashyushye:Nibura amasegonda 30.

Bika amasahani yose munsi y'amazi kuri dogere selisiyusi 171 cyangwa irenga. Koresha agasanduku cyangwa igitebo kugira ngo wirinde gutwika intoki zawe.

2. Umuti wa bleach wa Chlorine:Nibura amasegonda 7 kugeza ku 10.

Shyira byibuze amasegonda 7 kugira ngo uvange 50 ppm, cyangwa amasegonda 10 niba uruvange ruri hagati ya 50 na 100 ppm.

3. Umuti wa iyode:Nibura amasegonda 30.

Shyiramo ibintu byose mu bwogero bufite uburebure bwa 12.5–25 ppm.

4. Ammonium ya Quaternary (Quat):Nibura amasegonda 30.

Bika ibintu munsi y'ubuso bw'icupa byibuze amasegonda 30, cyangwa ukurikize igihe cyagenwe ku icupa.

Uburyo bwo Kumisha

Shyira ibikoresho byo mu gikoni byasuzumwe ku mbaho ​​zisukuye z'icyuma gifunze kugira ngo byumuke mu buryo busanzwe. Ntuzigere ukoresha igitambaro cyangwa igitambaro kugira ngo byumuke. Amashuka yo mu gikoni abika ubushuhe kandi agakwirakwiza bagiteri kuva ku isahani imwe ujya ku yindi, ibyo bigahita byangiza inzira y'isuku. Kubera ko imbaho ​​zisukuye z'icyuma gifunze zirwanya ingese, zishobora kwihanganira guhora zikora ku miti isukuye cyane ariko ntizimeneke.

Amakosa Asanzwe n'Ibisubizo Byihuse

Akaga ko kwihutisha akazi

Iyo igikoni gihuze cyane, abakozi bakunze kugerageza kwihutisha ibintu basimbuka isahani yo hagati yo koza cyangwa bakura amasahani mu cyuma gisukura vuba cyane. Iyi nzira y'ubusamo itera ibibazo bikomeye:

• Isabune yo mu masahani isigaye igabanya ubukana bw'imiti igabanya ubukana, bigatuma kuyivoma burundu ntacyo bimara.
• Bagiteri zikomeza kubaho mu gihe gito cyo kwibira mu mazi kandi zikura vuba mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho bishobora gufatirwamo.
• Ingaruka zo gutanga ibiryo byanduye ziriyongera, ibyo bikaba byatera indwara z’uburozi bw’ibiryo.

Ikosora:Andika amategeko y'ibanze kandi asobanutse neza, hugura buri mukozi wo mu ikipe yo mu gikoni, kandi ugenzure vuba mu gihe cy'akazi kenshi.

Kubura ikimenyetso ku bushyuhe n'uruvange rw'imiti

Niba ubushyuhe bw'amazi yawe cyangwa ibipimo bya shimi biri hasi, uruziga rwose rwo gukaraba rurananirwa:

• Amazi akonje:Bisiga amavuta menshi afashe ku masahani kandi bigahagarika imiti isukura ikora.
• Amazi yo koza abira:Ateka poroteyine n'ibisigazwa by'amagi ku isahani, bigatuma bigorana kubisukura.
• Uruvange rw'imiti rudakomeye:Ntibishobora kwica mikorobe ziteje akaga.
• Uruvange rukomeye rw'imiti:Isiga firime y'imiti ku masahani, ishobora gutuma abakiriya barwara.

Ikosora:Shyira icyuma gipima ubushyuhe n'agasanduku gashya k'imiti hafi y'aho basiga kugira ngo abakozi bashobore kugenzura amazi igihe cyose bongeye kuzuza ibikombe.

Kwanduzanya mu buryo butunguranye

Ingeso mbi zishobora gukwirakwiza bagiteri ku bintu wamaze gusukura:

• Gusiga amazi yijimye kandi afite amavuta menshi mu gikombe cyo gukaraba ntayasimbuze.
• Kuvanga ibyuma byo gutegura inyama mbisi n'udukoni two guteka mu gikombe kimwe.
• Gushyira amasahani asukuye ku gikoresho kidasukuye cyangwa ku gikoresho cy'amazi cyanduye.

Ikosora:Sukura amazi mu mazi hanyuma wongere wuzuze amazi mu gihe amazi asa n'ibicu cyangwa amavuta. Oza ibikoresho bibisi byo gutegura mu byiciro bitandukanye, kandi usukure imiyoboro isukuye ku ruhande umunsi wose.

Amahugurwa, Ubugenzuzi, n'Impapuro

Urutonde rw'ibizamini by'amahugurwa y'abakozi

Buri mutetsi mushya n'umukoresha woza amasahani bagomba kumenya ubu bumenyi bw'ingenzi mbere yo gukora badakurikiranwa:

• Ubumenyi bw'ibanze bw'impamvu twoza, twoza, kandi tugasukura mu buryo bukurikiranye.
• Uburyo bwo gusoma thermometer yo mu gikoni no gukoresha neza imirongo yo gupima imiti.
• Uburyo bwo gufata no kuvanga isuku y’ubucuruzi mu buryo butekanye.
• Uburyo bwo kubona no gukosora ikiyiko cyanduye cyangwa uruvange rw'imiti rudakomeye.

Abakozi bashya bo mu gikoni bagomba kurangiza gahunda yose yo gukaraba mu byiciro bitatu nibura gatatu bakurikiranwe mbere yo gusukura amasahani ubwabo.

Kubaka Sisitemu y'Ubuyobozi

• Shyiraho umuntu w’inararibonye mu ikipe cyangwa umuyobozi w’amashitani yo mu gikoni kugira ngo akurikirane aho batekera amasahani.
• Manika urutonde rworoheje rw'ibikorwa bya buri munsi iruhande rw'ibikoresho by'amazi.
• Kora igenzura ry’imiterere y’amazi mu masaha y’akazi gakomeye utamenyekanye.
• Kosora ingeso mbi zo gukora isuku ako kanya mbere yuko zihinduka gahunda zihoraho.

Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bikenewe

Kubika neza inyandiko bigaragariza ishami ry'ubuzima ko igikoni cyawe gishyira imbere umutekano w'ibiribwa. Menya neza ko itsinda ryawe rikurikirana ibi bikurikira:

• Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ibipimo bya shimi bya buri munsi kuri buri hinduka.
• Impapuro z'amahugurwa zashyizweho umukono kuri buri mukozi wo mu gikoni cyawe.
• Inyandiko z'igenzura ry'ibikoresho n'amatariki yo gupima thermometer.
• Inyandiko yanditse y'ibibazo byose by'amategeko y'ubuzima hamwe n'inyandiko z'uburyo wabikemuye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Bite ho niba igikoni cyanjye kidafite sinki ifite ibice bitatu

Niba ufite imigati mito cyangwa ikamyo igendanwa itwara ibiryo ifite umwanya muto, ushobora kureba ubundi buryo:

• Amasanduku manini kandi yimukanwa afite ibice bitatu, afite ibigega by'amazi byubatswemo.
• Sinki imwe ntoya ijyanye n'ibikoresho byo koza amasahani ihujwe n'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gusukura amasahani.
• Koza amasahani y’ubucuruzi yihariye yubatswe kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bw’isuku bushyushye cyane.

Uko byagenda kose, uburyo bwo gusukura bugomba koza, koza no gusukura ibikoresho byose kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza.

2. Igikoresho cyo koza amasahani cy'ubucuruzi ugereranije n'icyumba 3 cyo gusinziramo amasahani

Igikoni cy’ubucuruzi gikoresha uburyo bwombi hamwe kugira ngo gikore imirimo itandukanye yo gusukura.

3. Ni iyihe miti isukura imiti nkwiye guhitamo

• Umuti wa klorini:Ihendutse kandi yica ubwoko bwinshi bwa bagiteri vuba, ariko ifite impumuro ikomeye ya shimi kandi ishobora kwangiza ibiyiko by'icyuma uko igihe kigenda gihita iyo ivanze cyane.
• Ibisubizo bya iyode:Yoroshye ku ntoki kandi ikora neza mu mazi atandukanye, ariko ishobora gusiga ibara ku masahani ya pulasitiki yoroshye kandi ihenze cyane kurusha bleach.
• Ammonium ya Quaternary (Quat):Nta mpumuro mbi, ntishobora kwangiza ibiyiko by'icyuma kidashonga, kandi ikomeza gukora mu mazi ashyushye, ariko ntiyica ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa bagiteri neza nka chlorine.

Mu gihe uhitamo imiti ikoreshwa mu gikoni, tekereza ku ngengo y'imari yo mu gikoni cyawe, ubwoko bw'ibiryo ukoresha, n'amazi yo mu gace utuyemo. Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza yo kuvanga ari inyuma y'icupa.