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Te Whakatakotoranga o te Rūma Ratonga Paru: Te Totohu Parapara, te Hopu Parapara me te Horoi Ringa i raro i te HTM64
Ko te nuinga o ngā arotakenga mate paru o ngā rūma ratonga e tohu ana i te raruraru kotahi: ngā paepae moenga paru, ngā peere horoi, me ngā putea para haumanu e neke ana i roto i te wāhi 8 m² kotahi me te kore he rere pumau, kotahi te ahunga. Ina pēhi te nēhi e mau ana i tētahi pounamu mimi kua utaina ki mua i tētahi atu kaimahi e horoi ana i te mopa, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te poke whakawhiti. Mā te whakatakotoranga kua whakaritea pai ka wehewehea ngā tikanga morearea, ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te UK Health Technical Memorandum 64 (HTM64), ā, ka pupuri i ngā tākuta kia neke i roto i te huarahi haumaru, ka taea te matapae, me te whakanoho i te totohu paru ki te pokapū o te tukanga tuku para.
He aha te Rūma Pāpaku, ā, he aha te Hiranga o te Tahora
He wāhi tautoko haumanu motuhake te rūma horoi paru e tango ana, e tukatuka ana, e pupuri ana hoki i ngā paru tangata me ngā taputapu hauora poke. Mā te whakatakotoranga ā-tinana ka whakahaere mēnā ka noho motuhake ngā pathogens, ka heke rānei ki ngā wāhanga tūroro ma. Mā te kore e pai te whakamahere, pērā i te whakanoho i tētahi peihana horoi ringa i te taha tonu o te ipu para, ka taea e ngā pata poke te tau ki runga i ngā mata e tika ana kia noho ma.
Mā te hoahoa pai o te rūma horoi ringa, ka kore e taea e te kaimahi te whakatau. Ka akiakihia e te rūma te haere maori, kotahi te ahunga mai i te rohe tino poke ki te teihana horoi ringa. Kāore e taea e ngā kaimahi te whakaoti i tā rātou mahi me te kore e whai i te raupapa tika. Akohiame pēhea te aukati a ngā taputapu horoi hauora i te tuku i ngā matei mua i te tautuhi i ngā tūranga tūmau.
Te Tauira Rohe-Toru HTM64 mō te Wehenga Ma/Paru
E whakahau ana te Tuhipoka Whare Hauora HBN 00-09 me te HTM64 kia kotahi te ara o te tukanga mahi. Ka tomo mai ngā kaimahi me ngā taonga paru, ka maka atu i ngā para ki te wāhanga tuku para, ka horoi, ka patu huakita rānei i te ipu kawe, ka horoi i ō rātou ringa ki tētahi peihana motuhake, kātahi ka puta atu me te kore e hoki anō ki tō rātou ara.
Kotahi te huarahi e rere ai te tukanga:
- Tomokanga: Ka tomo mai ngā kaimahi me ngā taonga paru
- Rohe 1 (Rīhiti me te Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Mea Paru)Whakatakotoria ngā paepae moenga, ngā kohua wharepaku, me ngā putea poke
- Rohe 2 (Te Whakakorenga me te Tukatuka Anō)Whakamahia te slop hopper, te macerator, te bedpan dry rānei
- Rohe 3 (Te Akuaku Ringaringa)Horoia ō ringaringa ki te peihana horoi ringa haumanu
- PutangaHaere atu me te kore e hoki whakamuri i te ara
E whakahau ana a HTM64 i tēnei hanganga rohe hei mātāpono hoahoa rūma. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, me toru ngā teihana kua wehea ā-tinana, ā, kāore he wāhi mahi e taupatupatu ana.
Rohe 1: Rīhiti me te Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Mea Paru
Whakanohoia tēnei wāhi ki roto tonu i te tatau tomokanga. Me whai papa pumau ngā kaimahi hei whakatakoto i ngā paepae moenga paru, ngā kohua wharepaku, me ngā putea poke i mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi whakakore paru.
Tohua he papa tāpae kowiri tira karaehe 304 me te tūru whakarunga 50 mm te matotoru i ngā taha e toru o muri. Ka ārai te tūru i ngā turuturu, ā, ka hoatu he taha kua tautuhia ki ngā kaimahi hei pana i ngā taonga me te kore e turaki. Kāore he taputapu ma, he hua whakakorekore, he tuhinga rānei e tika ana kia runga i tēnei mata.
Rohe 2: Te Whakakorenga me te Tukatuka Anō
Ko te Rohe 2 te mea tino mōrearea ki te poke. Kei roto ko te wāhanga tuatahi mō te tuku para wai me te macerator, te mīhini horoi-patu para rānei ina whakaaetia e te whakatakotoranga. Ka taea e te macerator te whakahaere i ngā ipu para kotahi te whakamahi, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea tuku para mā te whakakore i te whakawātea ā-ringa.
Kia 400 mm te tawhiti o te oko paru me te macerator tetahi i tetahi. Me haere ngā kaimahi e amo ana i tētahi ipu tuwhera, paru hoki i te tawhiti poto rawa atu i mua i te taenga ki te wāhi tuku para.
Rohe 3: Te Whakamaoritanga o te Ringa i mua i te Putanga
Whakatakotoria te teihana horoi ringa ki te pito o te rūma, i te taha o te tatau putanga. Kei konei te takotoranga o te peihana horoi ringa haumanu, motuhake mai i te ipu horoi, ā, kei waho i te Rohe 2. Ko te horoi ringa te mahi whakamutunga a ngā kaimahi i mua i te pā atu ki te kakau o te tatau.
Kāore e whakaaetia kia uru ngā taonga paru, ngā ipu, ngā taputapu horoi rānei ki te Rohe 3. Ko te tawhiti ā-tinana i waenga i te Rohe 2 me te Rohe 3 he mahi āta whakaarohia hei whakahaere i te mate.
Te Kōwhiri i tētahi Totohu Piki: He Wāhanga Paipa e Mau ana ki te Pakitara, he Wāhanga Paipa Whakakotahi rānei
Kāore i te rite te tere horoi, te ātea o te waikeri, me te hohonu o te peihana ki ngā totohu arumoni paerewa e hiahiatia ana mō ngā para haumanu. Mō tētahi rūma horoi paru tika, whiriwhiria i waenga i tētahi totohu paru iti e mau ana ki te pakitara me tētahi totohu paru hōhipera whakakotahi.
Ko te whakatau ka whakawhirinaki ki te nui o te wai e whakamahia ana i roto i tō rūma, te kawenga o ngā kaimahi, me te hiahia rānei koe ki tētahi peihana horoi ringa motuhake e whakauruhia ana ki te waeine kotahi.
I mua i te whakaoti i te hoahoa o tō rūma horoi, tirohia te aratohu katoangā paearu mō te rahi me te rerenga wai o te totohu hopara mō ngā kaupapa hauora me ngā wharekia ōrite ai ngā tūranga paipa tākai ki te tahora o tō puranga oneone.
| Āhuatanga Hangarau | Totohu Totohu e Mau ana ki te Pakitara (PQ219) | Totohu Parakaingaki Hōhipera Whakakotahi (KC-12060) |
|---|---|---|
| Te tono matua | Te whakakorenga para wai me te horoi i ngā kaukau moenga i roto i ngā rūma ratonga paru, i te whare hauora i muri o te whare, me ngā wāhi ratonga o ngā whare tiaki. | He maha ngā mahi a ngā taputapu paru e hiahia ana ki te horoi i te para me te peihana horoi ā-ringa motuhake. |
| Te hoahoa o te puna wai | He pūwero kōpiko, he whānui ā-roto ø350 mm, me te awhi horoi tonu | Pūwero horoi kōniko (ø350 mm) me te peihana horoi tapawhā tata, 500 × 400 × 200 mm |
| Te whirihoranga o te puna wai | Tāke wai teitei e mau ana ki te pakitara, 6 ki te 9 rita te rahinga wai, e kitea ana, e huna ana rānei | Tāke whakauru, papa ratonga urunga-muri, he rite ki te tinana o te waeine whakakotahi |
| Paerewa rauemi | Taumata 304 SS, rau 1.2 ki te 1.5 mm; Kei te wātea te Taumata 316 mō ngā taiao he nui te haumāota | Papa 304 SS, rau 1.5 ki te 2.0 mm; Papa 316 mēnā ka tonoa |
| Momo tāutanga | Ngā waewae tautoko o mua e mau ana ki te pakitara, he kōwhiringa; he paerewa te tawhiti papa 150 mm | He anga tautoko pakitara taumaha, he whirihoranga tū papa rānei |
| Whakamuri o muri | Tūnga papatahi, paerewa 150 mm | He parenga hohonu kua whakauruhia, 300 mm, e tiaki ana i te pakitara maroke mai i te rehu hau. |
| Te taunga kaupapa noa | Ngā rūma kakahu o te wāhanga, ngā rūma whare hauora o waho, ngā rūma ratonga whare tiaki, ngā hoahoa rūma waikeri kikī | Ngā rūma ratonga paru matua i ngā wāhanga whakamomori, ngā wāhanga pokanga rā, ngā poraka tiaki whare noho nui ake |
Tonoa ngā pepa raraunga hangaraumō ngā tauira e rua i mua i te whakaoti i te tuhi o tō rūma. Ka taea e koe te whakarite i ngā ine, ngā tūranga putanga, me te teitei o te puna wai kia ōrite ki ngā pokapū paipa o nāianei.
Ngā Ture HTM64 mō te Poiha Horoi Ringa Hauora
Ko te horoi ringa i roto i te totohu e whakamahia ana mō te tango i ngā ipu moenga he koretake te whakahaere mate haumanu. Ka haria e ngā pata hau mai i te tukanga tango ngā rauropi ora. Ka whakakorea tēnei mōrearea e tētahi peihana horoi ringa haumanu motuhake i te Rohe 3. E toru ngā paearu hoahoa kāore e taea te whiriwhiri mō tēnei peihana e tohua ana e HTM64:
- Kāore he kōhao wai i te papa o te puna kaukau.Tauwhāitihia ngā taputapu e mau ana ki te pakitara kei runga ake i te takotoranga wai. Ka hangaia e ngā taputapu e mau ana ki te papa he rārangi hononga whakapae ki te wāhi e kaukau ai te wai tū.Pseudomonas aeruginosaka noho ki ngā tinana o ngā paipa mā roto i ēnei hononga mākū, ā, ka ora i ngā tikanga patu huakita paerewa.
- Kāore he kōhao waipuke.Me mau te mata maeneene, tonu o te peihana o roto o te peihana, kāore he awaawa waipuke. Ka mau te wai kua tau ki muri i te mata uku, maitai rānei e kitea ana, ka noho te kiriata koiora i roto i te 48 hāora noa iho, ā, ka ātete ki ngā patu huakita e ahu mai ana i te haukini i te waimeha paerewa.
- Kāore he mono, kāore he mekameka rānei.Ka noho tuwhera tonu te putanga para, ā, ka taea te tango noa. Kāore e taea e ngā kaimahi te whakakī i te peihana ki te wai e tū ana, ā, ka meinga kia horoia ngā ringa katoa i raro i te wai e rere ana anake, ka whakaiti i te nui o ngā huakita e whakawhitia ana ki te mata o te peihana.
Whakatakotoranga Taputapu mō te Rūma Taputapu Paru
Me whakahaere ngā taputapu katoa i roto i te rūma horoi paru, tae atu ki ērā e mahi ana ki te wāhi totohu paru, me te kore e pā ki te ringa. Tohua ngā taputapu pūoko infrared hiko e mau ana ki te pakitara, ngā taputapu rīpene mahi-tuke rānei, me te roa o te rīpene he 200 mm te iti rawa. Whakatakotoria te takirere whakaranu wera ki te paerewa TMV3, e tuku ana i te wai i waenga i te 38°C me te 41°C. Whakatakotoria te putanga ki raro ki te waikeri. Ka whakamararatia e ngā putanga e anga whakamua ana ngā pata wai puta noa i te mata o te peihana.
Ngā Whakaritenga Rauemi me ngā Hanganga mō ngā Wāhi Hauora Makuku
Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā patu huakita e tuku ana i te hauwai-hau, te pupuhi pēhanga o ia rā, me te pānga nui o ngā peere mopa me ngā taraka taputapu ka whakangaro i ngā rauemi ngoikore i roto i ngā tau e rua ki te toru.
Te Matotoru o te Rino me te Rau
Ko te nuinga o ngā whakaritenga hōhipera o te UK he kowiri tira kounga 304. Whakapai ake ki te Korahi 316 mēnā kei te whakamahi tō rōpū whakahaere mate i ngā papa konutai dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) neke atu i te 1,000 ppm i ia rā, mēnā rānei kei roto te whare i te rua kiromita o te taiao takutai. Ka piko te matotoru o te pepa i raro i te 1.2 mm i raro i te kawenga, ka pakaru ngā hononga kua whakarewaina, ka pakaru hoki te hiri silicone i waenganui i te waeine me te pakitara. Kia uru te makuku ki muri i te panera kowiri tira, ka pirau te papa pakitara maroke, ā, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te noho anō.
Ngā Kokonga Piko me te Whakaoti Whakarewa
Me whai koki ā-roto katoa i roto i ngā peihana totohu me ngā tūru o runga o te papa kaunta he iti rawa te 10 mm te whānui. Ko ngā wāhi e tata ana ki te CSSD me ngā rūma ratonga katoa e tika ana kia whakamanahia te whakakorenga poke me whai i tēnei āhuahanga: he kokonga tapawhā papatahi te raro ka ātete ki ngā whakamātautau horoi paerewa, ā, ka mau tonu ngā toenga e paahitia ana e te tirotiro tirohanga engari kāore e tutuki i ngā tirotiro ATP swab. Tauwhāitihia ngā hononga heli-arc kua whakarewaina, kua horoia ki te whenua, kua orohia kia rite ki te mutunga satin 180-kirikiri puta noa i ngā mata o waho katoa.
Te Whakatakotoranga Pakitara me te Whakawātea Papa
Taupokina ngā wāhi mākū ki ngā panera whakakikorua pakitara maitai kore waikura 1.2 mm te matotoru i muri i te oko oneone, kia toro atu ki te 1,200 mm te teitei i runga ake i te awhi. Mā tēnei ka tiakina te papa pereki mai i te urunga o te hau. Kāore e taea e ngā tāutanga taera uku paerewa te whakatutuki i tēnei i ngā raina keri.
Whakamaua ngā waeine para e whakairihia ana ki te pakitara me ngā whāriki taumaha, me waiho kia 150 mm te iti rawa o te āputa o te papa. Me whakamahi ngā mīhini horoi papa i tēnei āputa. Ki te whakamahia e ngā whare te mopi ā-ringa, ko te 100 mm te āputa iti rawa. Mā ngā waewae, ngā papa rānei e rite ana ki te papa ka puta he āputa e mau ai te paru, kāore e taea e te pane mopi te tae atu.
Te Hoahoa o te Rūma Parai: Ngā Hapa Whakatakotoranga Noa
He maha ngā hapa ka taea te matapae e ngā kaihoahoa me ngā tīma hokohoko kaupapa i ngā hoahoa rūma parapara tuatahi.
- Te whakatakoto i te peihana horoi ringa ki te pakitara kotahi me te peihanaKa puta he rehu hau i te taumata o te taha e ngā kaimahi e whakamahi ana i te ipu horoi ringa, ā, ka rehuhia ngā pata paru ki te mata o roto o te ipu horoi ringa i roto i te 600 mm o te ipu, ā, ka kore e whai hua te wāhi horoi ringa kua whakaritea.
- Te tautuhi i tētahi putanga para 50 mmKāore e taea e te putanga 50 mm te tango i te matotoru o ngā para haumanu. Tauwhāitihia he putanga para 100 mm te iti rawa i runga i ngā oko paru katoa, e ōrite ana ki te hononga peka oneone 100 mm. Ka tangohia katoatia te mahanga e te putanga 100 mm mā te horoi kotahi 6-rita, kāore he toenga e toe ana i roto i te hiri mahanga.
- Te korenga o tētahi wāhanga whakapūmau hau motuhake mō te rūma horoiMe mahi te rūma horoi paru i te pēhanga kino e pā ana ki te ara uru i roto i te HTM64. Mā te tere tango o te 10 whakawhiti hau ia hāora ka ārai i te hekenga o ngā huaketo ki ngā wāhi horoi, ki ngā wāhi tūroro rānei mā roto i ngā āputa i raro i te tatau.
- Te wareware i te whakaritenga o te rerenga wai i mua i te tukunga o te waeineWhakaūtia te tūranga o te pokapū putanga para, te ahunga putanga (poutū, whakapae rānei), me te teitei o te papa ki te putanga me te kaihanga i mua i te hanganga. Mā ngā whakarerekētanga o te mara ki ngā tūranga pokapū rerenga wai ka nui ake te utu, ka whakaroa hoki i ngā kaupapa whakahoutanga ina pumau te tūranga puranga oneone o nāianei.
Rārangi Arowhai Hokonga Rūma Parai
Whakamahia tēnei rārangi ina whakarite ana koe i tō kaupapa tuku tono hangarau, i tō kaupapa tuku tono rānei:
- Te wāhanga tuku wai tuatahiTauwhāitihia he totohu pakitara PQ219 (tinana 540 × 540 mm) mō ngā rūma kakahu me ngā rūma tiaki. Tauwhāitihia he waeine whakakotahi KC-12060 mō ngā rūma ratonga paru nui e hiahia ana ki tētahi tinana mahi-rua.
- Pēhi horoi ringa haumanu: E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga HTM64, kāore he waipuke, kāore he kōhao tap papa, he tap mahi-tuke, he tap pūoko rānei e mau ana ki te pakitara, he takirere TMV3, he putanga para tuwhera.
- Ngā panera whakakikorua pakitara: Karaehe 304 SS, 1.2 mm, e kapi ana i ngā pakitara katoa o te rohe mākū tae atu ki te 1,200 mm i runga ake i te awhi o te hononga teitei rawa.
- WaikeriHe putanga para 100 mm i te wāhanga tuku para, 40 mm i te peihana ringa, e hono ana ki ngā peka oneone motuhake, motuhake mai i ngā paipa hauora o te wāhanga.
- Te whakapūngao o te rūmaHe tangohanga pēhanga-kino motuhake, he iti rawa kia 10 ngā whakawhiti hau ia hāora, he tatau kua tapahia ki raro hei whakakī i te hau kore mahi.
- Macerator (ki te wāhi kua tohua)Whakanohoia ki roto i te 400 mm o te oko oneone hei whakaiti i te tawhiti haere o te ipu tuwhera. Whakaūtia kei te hono te paipa waikeri macerator ki tētahi peka oneone para-macerated motuhake hei ārai i ngā aukati i roto i ngā puranga oneone paerewa.
Tukuna mai ō tuhi tahora rūma, ngā pokapū paipa wai, me te rārangi mahi ki te tīma hangarau a Xinhe hei arotake i te rahi me te whakaū CAD mā tetomokanga whakapā kaupapa.
