Ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba 3 cyo gusinziramo: Icyo abagenzuzi b'ubuzima basaba
Buri kipe yo mu gikoni igomba kumenya ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gusukura ibikoresho mu gikoni gifite ibice bitatu. Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima bagenzura niba abakozi babika amazi ashyushye bihagije kugira ngo yica mikorobe kandi bakurikize intambwe zikwiye. Igikoni cya mbere n'icya kabiri bigomba kugera nibura kuri dogere selisiyusi 110, mu gihe igikoni cya gatatu gisukura kigomba kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 171 cyangwa kirenga. Dore incamake:
| Icyumba | Ubushyuhe busabwa |
|---|---|
| Igikombe cya mbere | Nibura ubushyuhe 110°F |
| Igikarabiro cya Kabiri | Nibura ubushyuhe 110°F |
| Igikoresho cya gatatu cyo gusukura | 171°F cyangwa bishyushye kurushaho |
Gukomeza gukurikiza aya mahame bifasha buri kigo cyose kubungabunga ibiryo no gutsinda igenzura.
Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'ibigega byo mu cyumba 3
Karaba kandi woge ubushyuhe
Ibice bibiri bya mbere ni ibyo koza no koza. Abakozi babyuzuzamo amazi ashyushye. Amazi agomba kuba afite nibura ubushyuhe bwa 110°F. Aya mazi ashyushye afasha gukura ibiryo n'amavuta ku masahani. Afasha kandi isabune gukora neza. Gusukura biroroha iyo amazi ashyushye bihagije.
Inama:Buri gihe koresha icyuma gipima amazi kugira ngo urebe neza amazi. Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima bashobora gushaka ibimenyetso byerekana ko amazi ashyushye.
Kuki ubushyuhe ari ingenzi mu gukaraba no koza? Amazi ashyushye agabanya ibiryo byafatiwe ku meza. Nanone akuraho isabune n'umwanda mbere yo kubisukura. Iyo amazi akonje cyane kurusha dogere selisiyusi 110, isuku ntikora neza. Udukoko dushobora kuguma ku masahani.
Dore urutonde rworoheje rw'ibyo ugomba gukora ku gukaraba no koza:
- Uzuza amazi meza mu masinki yombi kuri dogere selisiyusi 110 cyangwa irenga.
- Shyira isabune ikwiye mu gikarabiro cya mbere.
- Sukura amasahani mu gikarabiro. Ubishyire mu gikarabiro cyo koza.
- Sukura neza kugira ngo uvaneho isabune yose.
Ubushyuhe bwo gusukura
Igice cya gatatu ni icyo gusukura. Iki cyiciro gikeneye amazi ashyushye cyane—nibura 171°F. Kuhira amazi ashyushye cyane bica mikorobe nyinshi vuba. FDA n'ishami ry'ubuzima barasaba ibi kugira ngo abantu bakomeze umutekano.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushyuhe bwinshi bwica mikorobe nyinshi. Urugero, E. coli na Listeria bikenera igihe kinini cyo gupfa mu mazi akonje. Ku bushyuhe bwa 171°F, izi mikorobe zipfa vuba cyane.
- Ubushyuhe ni uburyo bwizewe bwo kugabanya mikorobe mu gutanga ibiribwa.
- Ubushyuhe n'igihe byombi ni ingenzi mu kwica mikorobe.
- Amategeko mashya agenga umutekano akoresha igihe n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo hashyirweho uturere twizewe twa mikorobe.
Icyitonderwa:Reka ibintu byinjire mu gikoni cyo gusukura amazi byibuze amasegonda 30. Ibi biha amazi ashyushye umwanya wo kwica mikorobe mbi.
Gukomeza ubushyuhe buhagije mu gikoni cyo gusukura amazi bifasha mu kugenzura. Binatuma ibiryo bigumana umutekano. Abakozi bagomba kugenzura amazi bakoresheje icyuma gipima ubushyuhe. Bagomba kwandika ubushyuhe buri gihe. Iyi ntambwe yoroshye ishobora guhagarika indwara z'ibyorezo no kurinda abantu bose umutekano.
Ibisabwa n'Umugenzuzi w'Ubuzima
Urutonde rw'igenzura
Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima barashaka ko ibikoni gusukura ibintu mu buryo bukwiyeBagenzura niba abakozi bakoresha ubushyuhe bw'amazi bukwiye. Banareba neza ko abakozi bakora buri ntambwe mu buryo bukwiye. Abagenzuzi bashobora kuhagera nta nteguza, bityo amatsinda agomba guhora yiteguye.
Dore bimwe mu bintu abagenzuzi bareba mu gihe cyo gusura:
- Abakozi bakoresha icyuma gipima ubushyuhe bw'amazi kugira ngo barebe ubushyuhe bw'amazi.
- Sinki yo kumesamo amazi ifite ubushyuhe bwa 110°F cyangwa ishyushye kurushaho.
- Ubushyuhe bw'amazi yo gusukura ni nibura 171°F.
- Amasahani anyura mu nzira zo koza, koza no gusukura mu buryo bukurikiranye.
- Abakozi bareka amasahani arobeshwa mu gikoni cyo gusukura amazi mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30.
- Amasafuriya asa neza kandi nta bisigazwa by'ibiryo bifite.
- Abakozi bazi intambwe zikwiye kandi bashobora kuzisobanura.
Abagenzuzi bareba kandi amakosa ajyanye n'ubushyuhe. Ayo makosa ashobora guteza ibibazo ndetse n'amande. Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:
- Inyama cyangwa amafi byakonjeshejwe bisigaye ku meza yo gushongesha
- Ibiryo cyangwa ibikoresho bisigaye iyo bidakoreshejwe
- Ibiryo bikenera igihe ariko ntibigire
- Ibiryo bishyushye bidakonjeshejwe neza
Abagenzuzi bakoresha urutonde rw'ibintu byose kugira ngo barebe niba intambwe yose ikorwa neza. Bashobora gusaba abakozi kwerekana uburyo bagenzura ubushyuhe. Hari igihe bagerageza amazi ubwabo.
Dore imbonerahamwe ngufi igaragaza ibyo abagenzuzi bagenzura kuri buri cyiciro:
| Urugendo | Ubushyuhe busabwa | Intego |
|---|---|---|
| Gukaraba | Nibura ubushyuhe 110°F (43°C) | Gukuraho uduce tw'ibiribwa n'amavuta |
| Gusukura | Nibura ubushyuhe 171°F (77°C) | Kwica mikorobe zitera indwara |
Inama:Abakozi bagomba kugenzura no kwandika ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu ntangiriro ya buri simburana. Iyi ngeso ifasha buri wese kwitegura igenzura.
Ibyapa n'inyandiko
Ibimenyetso bisobanutse neza n'inyandiko nziza bifasha igikoni gutsinda igenzura. Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima bifuza kubona ko abakozi bazi kandi bakurikiza amategeko buri munsi.
Ibimenyetso biri hejuru ya buri sinki byibutsa abakozi intambwe n'ubushyuhe bikwiye. Ibi bimenyetso bigomba kuba byoroshye gusoma kandi ahantu buri wese ashobora kubona. Urugero, icyapa gishobora kuba kivuga ngo “Karaba kuri 110°F, Sukura kuri 171°F.” Ibimenyetso byoroshye bifasha guhagarika amakosa.
Kubika inyandiko na byo ni ingenzi. Abagenzuzi bakunze gusaba kureba ibiti bigaragaza igihe abakozi bagenzuraga ubushyuhe bw'amazi. Ibi biti bigomba kuba bikubiyemo:
- Itariki n'isaha bya buri sheki
- Ubushyuhe bwa buri sinki
- Izina cyangwa inyuguti zitangira amazina y'umuntu wagennye
Kubika izi nyandiko ku gihe bigaragaza ko itsinda ryita ku mutekano w'ibiribwa. Binatuma igenzura ryihuta kandi ryoroshye.
Icyitonderwa:Ibikoni byinshi bikoresha urupapuro rw'ibice bitatu byo gusinkisha. Abakozi baruzuza buri gihe. Uru rupapuro rugaragaza ko itsinda rigenzura ubushyuhe kandi rigakurikiza intambwe zikwiye.
Ibimenyetso byiza n'inyandiko zitondewe bifasha buri wese gukomeza inzira. Binagaragaza abagenzuzi ko igikoni gishyira imbere umutekano.
Intego n'umutekano by'ikiyiko cy'ibice 3
Imikorere y'ibice
A Sinki ifite ibyumba bitatubifasha igikoni kubungabunga amasahani kandi asukuye. Buri gice gikora ikintu gitandukanye:
- Igikarabiro cya 1: Karaba
- Igikarabiro cya 2: Koza
- Igikarabiro cya 3: Gusukura
Isafuriya ya mbere irimo amazi ashyushye n'isabune. Abakozi boza amasahani hano kugira ngo bakureho ibiryo n'amavuta. Isafuriya ya kabiri irimo amazi meza. Abakozi boza isabune n'ibindi bisigaye. Isafuriya ya gatatu ikoresha amazi ashyushye cyane cyangwa umuti w'imiti. Iyi ntambwe yica bagiteri bityo amasahani akaba meza gukoresha.
Inama:Abakozi bagomba guhora bakaraba, bakaraba, hanyuma bagasukura. Iyo basimbutse intambwe, mikorobe zishobora kuguma ku masahani.
Gukurikiza izi ntambwe bifasha guhagarika kwanduzanya. Binatuma ahantu hasukuye buri funguro.
Impamvu ubushyuhe ari ingenzi
Ubushyuhe bw'amazi ni ingenzi mu gusukura no mu mutekano. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko amazi ashyushye, nka 110°F cyangwa 156°F, akuraho 98% by'ibiribwa bisigaye ku masahani. Amazi ashyushye agabanya amavuta n'ibiryo bifunganye vuba. Amasahani meza agira mikorobe nke kandi ni meza kuyakoresha.
Amategeko agenga ubuzima avuga ubushyuhe buri ntambwe ikenera. Amazi ashyushye mu masahani yo koza no gukaraba afasha isabune gukora neza. Isahani yo gusukura ikenera amazi ashyushye cyane kugira ngo yica bagiteri. Iyo amazi akonje cyane, mikorobe zishobora kubaho no gukwirakwira.
| Intambwe | Ubushyuhe burakenewe | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Karaba | 110°F cyangwa hejuru yayo | Bikuraho ibiryo n'amavuta |
| Oza | 110°F cyangwa hejuru yayo | Ikuraho isabune n'imyanda |
| Sukura | 171°F cyangwa hejuru yayo | Irasenya bagiteri na virusi |
A Sinki ifite ibyumba bitatuGuteka neza mu gikoni iyo abakozi bakoresheje ubushyuhe bukwiye. Amatsinda agenzura amazi akunze kurinda abakiriya no gukurikiza amategeko y'ubuzima.
Gukoresha neza sinki ifite ibice bitatu
Sinki ifite ibice bitatu ifasha amakipe kubungabunga amasahani. Inabafasha gukurikiza amategeko y'ubuzima. Ahantu henshi bakoresha sinki z'icyuma kitagira umugese, nk'izo muri Xinhe. Izi sinki zirakomeye kandi zimara igihe kirekire. Zujuje ibisabwa mu nganda. Abantu bagura ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bashaka ibikoresho byoroshya akazi. Bashaka kandi gukurikiza amategeko.
Intambwe zo gukaraba
Abakozi batangira kuzuza sinki ya mbere amazi ashyushye kandi arimo isabune. Amazi agomba kuba nibura ari dogere selisiyusi 110. Bagenzura ubushyuhe bakoresheje thermometer idapfa amazi. Gusukura amasahani muri sinki bikuraho ibiryo n'amavuta. Amatsinda ahindura amazi iyo asa n'aho yanduye cyangwa arimo ibicu. Iyi ntambwe ifasha mu kwemeza ko amasahani asukuye.
Uburyo bwo koza intambwe ku yindi:
- Uzuza amazi yo gukaraba muri sinki ku bushyuhe bwa 110°F cyangwa arenga.
- Ongeraho ingano ikwiye y'isabune.
- Kura buri funguro kugira ngo ukureho uduce tw'ibiryo.
- Hindura amazi niba yanduye.
Inama: Amasafuriya y'icyuma kidashyuha, nk'aya Xinhe, ntabwo yangirika. Yoroshye ku bakozi kuyasukura.
Intambwe zo koza
Akazu ka kabiri gafite amazi meza kandi ashyushye. Abakozi boza buri sahani kugira ngo boze isabune n'ibiryo. Amazi yo koza agomba kuba nibura 110°F. Amakipe akoresha thermometer kugira ngo arebe ubushyuhe. Bahindura amazi buri masaha make cyangwa mbere yaho iyo yanduye.
Urutonde rw'ibyo ugomba gukora ku isuku:
- Shyira amasahani munsi y'amazi.
- Reba ubushyuhe bw'amazi mbere yo gukora imyitozo.
- Hindura amazi yo koza buri masaha 2-4.
| Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Komeza ubushyuhe bukwiye bw'amazi | Koresha amazi ashyushye yo gukaraba n'imbaraga zikwiye zo gusukura. Andika ubushyuhe n'ingano y'umusukura ukoresheje imirongo yo gupima. |
| Hindura Amazi n'Ibisubizo Kenshi na Kenshi | Hindura amazi yo gukaraba iyo asa n'ibicu. Hindura amazi yo gukaraba no gusukura buri masaha 2-4, cyangwa mbere yaho niba yanduye cyane. |
| Andika uko ibintu byagenze | Shyira agapapuro k'isuku hafi y'aho koga. Andika impinduka mu mazi, ubushyuhe, urugero rw'amazi asukura, n'isuku ya buri munsi. |
Intambwe zo gusukura
Icyuma cya gatatu cyo gusukura amazi. Abakozi bacyuzuza amazi ashyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 171 cyangwa irenga. Hari igihe bakoresha umuti wica udukoko. Amasahani agomba kwinjizwa mu mazi byibuze amasegonda 30. Iyi ntambwe yica mikorobe na virusi. Amatsinda akoresha imirongo yo gupima kugira ngo arebe imbaraga za muti wica udukoko. Bandika buri gipimo cy'ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwo gusukura:
- Uzuza amazi yo gusukura mu gikoni cy'amazi ku bushyuhe bwa 171°F cyangwa arenga.
- Koresha icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kugira ngo urebe ubushyuhe.
- Shyira amasahani mu mazi byibuze amasegonda 30.
- Andika buri gipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu ikayi yo gusukura.
Icyitonderwa: Gukurikiza amategeko ya FDA no kubika neza inyandiko bifasha ahantu hanyura mu igenzura no kurinda abantu umutekano.
A Sinki ifite ibyumba bitatuIkozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese bifasha mu kubungabunga ibiribwa. Amatsinda akurikiza izi ntambwe kandi akagenzura ubushyuhe bw'amazi aba yiteguye gusuzumwa ubuzima. Binafasha mu kubungabunga umutekano w'abakiriya.
Amakosa Asanzwe yo Kuyubahiriza
Amakipe yo mu gikoni arashaka gutsinda igenzura no kubungabunga ibiryo. Ariko hari amakosa amwe ashobora guteza ibibazo. Kumenya aya makosa bifasha abakozi kuyarinda no gukomeza gukora neza.
Amakosa ku bushyuhe
Amakosa y'ubushyuhe akunze kubaho cyane mu gikoni cyuzuye abantu. Hari igihe abakozi bibagirwa kugenzura amazi cyangwa gukoresha thermometer. Iyo amazi akonje cyane, ntabwo azasukura neza amasahani. Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima babona ibi bibazo vuba.
Amakosa amwe akunze kugaragara mu bushyuhe ni aya:
- Abakozi buzuza amazi yo koza cyangwa koza mu gikoni munsi ya 110°F.
- Sinki yo gusukura ntabwo igera kuri dogere selisiyusi 171 cyangwa hejuru yayo.
- Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe birabuze cyangwa ntibirakoreshwa.
- Amakipe ntabwo yandika ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu gihe cy'amarushanwa.
Kugumana ubushyuhe bukwiye bw'amazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano. Ahantu ho gukaraba hagomba kuba hagati ya 110°F na 120°F. Ahantu ho gukaraba hagomba kuba hafi 110°F. Kugira ngo amazi asukurwe, amazi ashyushye agomba kuba arenga 171°F. Niba ukoresha imiti, abakozi bagomba gukoresha ingano ikwiye ya chlorine, iyode, cyangwa ammonium ya quaternary.
| Akarere | Ubushyuhe bw'amazi (°F) | Ibisabwa ku muti w'amazi meza |
|---|---|---|
| Aho gukaraba | Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 110°F na 120°F | – |
| Agace ko koza | Hafi 110°F | – |
| Agace ko gusukura | Hejuru y'ubushyuhe bwa 171°F (amazi ashyushye) | Chlorine: 50-100ppm, 75°F-120°F; Iyode: 12.5-25ppm, 75°F-120°F; Ammonium ya Quaternary: 200-400ppm |
Inama:Amakipe agomba kugenzura no kwandika ubushyuhe buri ntangiriro y'irushanwa. Iyi ngeso ifasha kubona ibibazo hakiri kare.
Amakosa mu mikorere
Amakosa mu mikorere ashobora no guteza ibibazo mu gukurikiza amategeko. Abakozi bashobora gusimbuka intambwe cyangwa kwihuta mu nzira. Ayo makosa atuma mikorobe ziguma ku masahani kandi ashobora gutuma igenzura rinanirwa.
Amakosa amwe akunze kugaragara mu mikorere ni:
- Gusimbuka intambwe yo koza no kwimura amasahani kuva ku yoza kugeza ku gusukura.
- Kutabika amasahani mu gikoni cyo gusukura amazi mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30.
- Gukoresha amazi yanduye mu gikoni icyo ari cyo cyose.
- Kwibagirwa guhindura amazi iyo asa n'ibicu cyangwa yanduye.
- Kudakurikiza gahunda ikwiye: karaba, karaba, hanyuma usuke isuku.
Amakipe agomba guhora akora intambwe zimwe buri gihe. Ibimenyetso bisobanutse neza biri hejuru y'ikiyiko bifasha kwibutsa abakozi uburyo bukwiye. Imyitozo n'igenzura rihoraho bituma buri wese akora ibintu neza.
Ibuka: Gukora ibintu kimwe ku bushyuhe n'intambwe bituma igikoni gitekanye kandi cyiteguye kugenzurwa icyo ari cyo cyose.
Urutonde rw'ibipimo by'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'ibice bitatu
Urutonde rw'amategeko rukomeye rufasha buri kipe yo mu gikoni kuguma yiteguye isuzuma ry'ubuzima. Runatuma ibiryo bigumana umutekano kuri buri wese. Dore ubuyobozi bwihuse bukubiyemo igenzura ry'ingenzi rya buri munsi n'inama zo kugenzura.
Igenzura rya buri munsi
Amakipe agomba gukurikiza izi ntambwe buri munsi kugira ngo Sink y'Ibice 3 ikomeze kuba nziza:
- Kuraho ibiryo:Kuraho ibisigaye ku masahani yose mbere yo kumesa.
- Kosora:Oza amasahani mu gikapu cya mbere n'amazi y'isabune kuri dogere selisiyusi 110 cyangwa ashyushye kurushaho. Koresha icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kugira ngo urebe ubushyuhe.
- Oza:Shyira amasahani mu gikarabiro cya kabiri. Uyoge mu mazi meza, na yo kuri dogere selisiyusi 110 cyangwa hejuru yayo.
- Sukura:Shyira amasahani mu gikarabiro cya gatatu. Koresha amazi ashyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 171 cyangwa irenga byibuze mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30, cyangwa ukoreshe umuti wica udukoko hanyuma ukurikize igihe gikwiye cyo kwiyuhagira.
- Yumye:Shyira amasahani yose mu mwuka. Ntukigere ukoresha amasume kuko ashobora gukwirakwiza mikorobe.
- Hindura amazi:Simbuza amazi muri buri sinki igihe asa n'uwanduye cyangwa nyuma y'amasaha ane.
- Ubushyuhe bwanditseho gato:Andika ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'ingano y'umuti wica udukoko mu ntangiriro ya buri gikorwa.
Inama: Bika agapapuro k'isuku hafi y'aho babika ibikoresho. Ibi byorohereza abakozi kwandika igenzura no kuri abayobozi kuryisuzuma.
Gutsinda igenzura
Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima bashakisha ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko amakipe akurikiza intambwe zikwiye. Dore icyo bifasha igikoni gutambuka:
- Shyira ibimenyetso byoroshye gusoma hejuru ya buri sinki birimo ubushyuhe n'ibyo umuntu agomba kwibutsa.
- Komeza umenye neza inyandiko zo gusukura kandi witeguye kuzisuzuma.
- Menya neza ko abakozi bashobora gusobanura buri ntambwe no kwerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe.
- Koresha ibikoresho by'umwuka gusa ku masahani.
- Buri gihe kurikiza gahunda yo gukaraba, koza no gusukura.
| Intambwe | Ibyo Abagenzuzi bagenzura |
|---|---|
| Karaba | Amazi kuri 110°F+, ukayasukura neza |
| Oza | Amazi meza kuri 110°F+ |
| Sukura | Amazi kuri 171°F+ cyangwa umuti wica udukoko ukwiye |
| Yumye | Kumisha umwuka gusa, nta matawulo |
| Inyandiko | Inzu zuzuye kandi zigezweho zo gusukura |
Urutonde rw'ibikenewe buri munsi hamwe n'inyandiko nziza bifasha buri gikoni kuguma giteguye kugenzura no kubungabunga ibiryo.
Amatsinda ashinzwe ibiribwa abungabunga umutekano w'ibiryo akoresheje ubushyuhe bukwiye.
| Icyumba | Intego | Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe |
|---|---|---|
| Karaba | Gukaraba | Ubushyuhe burenze 110°F cyangwa bushyushye kurushaho |
| Oza | Koza | Ubushyuhe burenze 110°F cyangwa bushyushye kurushaho |
| Sukura | Gusukura | 171°F cyangwa bishyushye kurushaho |
Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima barashaka kubona izi ntambwe zikorwa neza:
- Oza amasahani mu mazi ashyushye kandi arimo isabune.
- Ubisuke mu mazi meza kandi ashyushye.
- Sukura amazi ashyushye cyane cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura.
- Reka buri funguro ryumye mu mwuka.
Abakozi biga izi ntambwe bakoresheje amahugurwa n'urutonde rw'ibikorwa. Kubikora buri munsi bifasha buri wese kugira ubuzima bwiza.
