Ruwan Wanka Mai Ɗakuna Uku: Ruwan Wanka, Kurkura, da Tsaftace Bukatun
Mai duba lafiya yana jawo na'urar auna zafin jiki ta na'urar auna zafin jiki a wurin wanke-wanke na ɗaki uku don duba abu ɗaya da farko: zafin ruwa. Ba a yi alama a cikin kowanne daga cikin sassa uku ba kuma duk zagayen wanke-wanke ya gaza. Wannan yana barin aikinka ya fuskanci raguwar maki, tara, ko rufewa na ɗan lokaci. Wannan jagorar ta yi cikakken bayani game da ainihin yanayin zafi da Dokar Abinci ta FDA da ƙa'idodin lafiya na gida ke buƙata.
Kallon Tsarin Zafin Jiki
| Sashe | Manufa | Mafi ƙarancin Zafin Jiki | Tabbatarwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wanke | Cire ragowar abinci da mai | 110°F (43°C) | Ma'aunin zafi mai hana ruwa ruwa na'urar auna zafi |
| Kurkura | Kurkura sabulun wanke-wanke daga saman | 110°F (43°C) | Sauya ruwa mai tsafta akai-akai |
| Tsaftace, ruwan zafi | Kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da sinadarai ba | 171°F (77°C) | Nutsewa cikin daƙiƙa 30, ma'aunin zafi mai daidaitawa |
| Tsaftace muhalli, sinadarai | Kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar tattarawa | 75°F zuwa 120°F (24°C zuwa 49°C) | Sifofin gwaji sun dace da nau'in sinadarai |
Sashen Wanki: Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na 110°F
Dokar Abinci ta FDA ta sanya 110°F (43°C) a matsayin mafi ƙarancin doka ga kwano na farko na wurin wanki na ɗaki uku. Wannan lambar ƙasa ce, ba manufa ba. Masu aiki ya kamata su riƙe kewayon aiki na 110°F zuwa 120°F.
Kasa da digiri 110 na Fahrenheit, kitsen dabbobi yana taurare a saman kwano. Mai yana taurarewa ya zama fim wanda gogewa ba zai iya cirewa gaba ɗaya ba, kuma ragowar yana toshe hanyoyin tsaftace sinadarai daga isa ga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sashin ƙarshe. Sakamakon shine tsarin gurɓatawa tsakanin faranti: faranti waɗanda suke kama da tsabta amma suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai zuwa aiki.
Sama da digiri 120 na Fahrenheit, sunadaran furotin kamar ƙwai da kiwo suna taruwa a kan farantin, suna haɗa taki a saman kuma suna sa su yi wahala a cire su. Waɗannan yanayin zafi kuma suna haifar da damuwa game da lafiyar ma'aikata yayin wanke-wanke da hannu.
Zafin da ake buƙata shine 112°F zuwa 118°F. Wannan zafin ya isa ya sa sabulun wanke-wanke su yi aiki, mai kuma ya kasance mai ruwa, amma ana iya amfani da shi don ci gaba da amfani da shi da hannu.
Yadda Ake Kula da Zafin Ruwan Wanka Yayin Aiki
- A daidaita ma'aunin zafi a kowane mako. Yi amfani da hanyar yin amfani da kankara (32°F / 0°C) don tabbatar da daidaiton na'urar kafin a auna kowace kwano mai zafi.
- A duba duk bayan minti 60. Yi amfani da ma'aunin zafi na na'urar bincike ta dijital mai hana ruwa shiga yayin aiki. Taɓawa kaɗai ba ma'auni ne mai inganci ba.
- A maye gurbin ruwa da abubuwa guda biyu. A tace sannan a sake cika shi idan zafin ya faɗi ƙasa da 110°F, ko kuma idan ruwan ya yi gajimare ko mai. A yi aiki a kan duk wanda ya fara bayyana.
Don cikakkun bayanai kan abin da masu duba ke dubawa a tashar abincin ku, dubayadda masu binciken lafiya ke tantance wankewa da tsaftace yanayin zafi a wurin.
Kurkure Ɗakin: Ruwan Tsabtace 110°F
Sashi na biyu na wurin wanke-wanke na ɗaki uku ba wanka na biyu ba ne. Aikinsa shine cire sinadarai: wanke ragowar sabulun alkaline daga kwanuka kafin su shiga bandakin tsaftacewa.
Sabulun wanke-wanke na kasuwanci suna da sinadarin alkaline. Ko da ƙaramin fim ɗin sabulu ne a cikin sashe na uku, pH na maganin tsaftace ku zai ƙaru. Maganin tsaftace sinadarin chlorine na ppm 50 na yau da kullun yana rasa tasiri da zarar pH ya haura sama da 8.0. Maganin tsaftace-tsaren da aka yi da quat sun fi saurin kamuwa da tsangwama ga pH.
Riƙewa da zafin digiri 110 a cikin kwandon wanke-wanke yana sa ƙwayoyin surfactant su narke kuma su yi motsi. Ruwan sanyi yana sa ƙwayoyin sabulu su manne a saman santsi, yana barin wani abu mai duhu wanda ido ba zai iya gani ba amma gwajin ATP swab ya gano. Dole ne ma'aikata su nutsar da kwano gaba ɗaya kuma su tabbatar babu kumfa a cikin sabulu kafin su kai kayan zuwa wurin tsaftace.
A canza ruwan kurkura bayan bayan awa biyu, ko kuma kafin lokacin da kwano ya nuna gajimare ko kumfa. Don tantance matakin da ya dacecikakken tsarin wanke kayan abinci daga gogewa zuwa busar da iska, duba jagorar yarjejeniyar abokin ciniki.
Tsaftace Ɗakin: Ruwan Zafi da Sinadarai
Kwano na uku na wurin wanka na ɗaki uku shine matakin ƙarshe na kashewa. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na doka a ƙarƙashin Dokar Abinci ta FDA, kuma buƙatun zafin su sun bambanta gaba ɗaya.
| Sigogi | Tsaftace Ruwan Zafi | Maganin Tsaftace Sinadarai |
|---|---|---|
| Nassoshi daga Dokar Abinci ta FDA | § 4-703.11(C) | § 4-501.114 |
| Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki | 171°F (77°C) | 75°F zuwa 120°F (24°C zuwa 49°C) |
| Lokacin hulɗa | Mafi ƙarancin daƙiƙa 30 | Daƙiƙa 7 zuwa 30 ya danganta da sinadarai |
| Kayan aikin tabbatarwa | Ma'aunin zafi mai aunawa na na'urar auna zafin jiki | Sifofin gwaji sun dace da nau'in sinadarai |
| Bukatar kayan aiki | Na'urar dumamawa ko na'urar ƙonawa ta ƙarƙashin sink | Babu buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman |
| Hadari idan ba a ƙayyade shi sosai ba | Kwayoyin cuta suna rayuwa; rashin nasarar dubawa | Raunin ppm daidai yake da ƙarancin ƙimar kisa |
Tsaftace Ruwa Mai Zafi Na Mataki 171: Lokacin da Ruwan Zafi Ya Dace
Ruwan zafi da ke tsaftace jiki a zafin 171°F (77°C) yana buƙatar a wanke kwanuka gaba ɗaya na tsawon aƙalla daƙiƙa 30. Zafi yana ratsa ramukan saman ba tare da barin alamun sinadarai ko ƙamshi ba, wannan fa'ida ce ta gaske a ayyukan da ke bai wa mutane masu rauni kamar mazauna gidajen kulawa, marasa lafiya a asibiti, ko ƙananan yara.
Matsalar ita ce ta injina. Na'urorin dumama ruwa na kasuwanci na yau da kullun suna samar da ruwa a zafin 120°F zuwa 140°F. Isawa da riƙe zafin 171°F a cikin kwano mai buɗewa na bakin ƙarfe yana buƙatar na'urar dumama mai ƙara ƙarfi ko na'urar ƙona iska kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin ɗakin. Ma'aikata suna buƙatar kwandunan waya don saukar da kwanuka da dawo da su lafiya, kuma zafi mai yawa na yanayi yana ƙara gajiya a lokacin dogon lokacin hidima. Don manyan ayyuka tare da kayan aiki masu dacewa, hanyar abin dogaro ce. Ga ƙananan ɗakunan girki, farashin kayayyakin more rayuwa sau da yawa yana tura shawarar zuwa tsabtace sinadarai.
Sinadaran Tsaftacewa: Samun Daidaiton PPM
Tsaftace sinadarai shine abin da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin dakunan girki na kasuwanci domin ba ya buƙatar kayan aikin ruwa mai zafi sosai. Kwano na uku yana da zafi daga 75°F zuwa 120°F, kuma yawan kashe-kashen ya dogara ne da yawan sinadarai maimakon zafin jiki.
Ma'aikata dole ne su gwada yawan sinadarin chlorine ppm da sauran sinadarin tsaftace jiki tare da igiyoyin gwaji masu dacewa a duk lokacin da aka canza aiki. Zaɓuɓɓukan sinadarai guda uku da aka amince da su a ƙarƙashin Dokar Abinci ta FDA sune:
- Blerin Chlorine: A kiyaye sinadarin chlorine daga 50 zuwa 100 ppm. Mafi ƙarancin lokacin hulɗa shine daƙiƙa 7 a 50 ppm, ko kuma daƙiƙa 10 a 50 zuwa 100 ppm. Mai tasiri kuma mai araha, amma yana lalata wasu saman ƙarfe akan lokaci.
- Quaternary ammonium (Quat): A kiyaye daga 200 zuwa 400 ppm. Mafi ƙarancin lokacin taɓawa shine daƙiƙa 30. Ba ya lalata ƙarfe, ba ya da ƙamshi, kuma ya dace da saman da zai taɓa abinci.
- Maganin aidin: A kiyaye daga 12.5 zuwa 25 ppm. Mafi ƙarancin lokacin taɓawa shine daƙiƙa 30. Yana da laushi a hannu amma yana iya canza launin robobi masu launin haske.
Kurakuran tattarawa guda biyu suna da matsala iri ɗaya. Maganin da ke ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin ppm bai kai ƙimar kisa da lambar lafiya ta buƙata ba. Maganin da ya fi matsakaicin ppm yana barin ragowar sinadarai a kan faranti waɗanda za su iya gurɓata abinci da haifar da rashin lafiya, ainihin sakamakon da ake buƙata shine matakin tsaftace jiki don hana shi.
Bambancin Lambobin Jiha da na Ƙananan Hukumomi
Dokar Abinci ta FDA tana aiki a matsayin misali. Sashen kiwon lafiya na jihohi da na ƙananan hukumomi suna ɗaukarsa kuma suna gyara shi daban-daban, wanda ke nufin cewa wuraren wanka uku a yankuna daban-daban suna aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi daban-daban da za a iya aiwatarwa.
Sassan kiwon lafiya da dama a California da Texas sun saita mafi ƙarancin zafin wankewa na 120°F maimakon tushen tarayya na 110°F. Wasu lambobin gida suna buƙatar masu aiki su sanya takardar shaidar yanayin zafi a kusa da wurin wanke su. Wasu kuma sun ba da umarnin cewa takaddun gwajin sinadarai daga wurin aikin yanzu su kasance a kan tebur yayin lokutan dubawa.
Gibin da ke tsakanin tsarin tsarin tarayya da aiwatar da doka na gida yana haifar da haɗarin bin ƙa'ida ga masu aiki waɗanda suka dogara da jagorancin tarayya kawai. Kafin sabunta izinin ku na gaba ko duba ba tare da sanarwa ba, tabbatar da takamaiman buƙatun wankewa, wankewa, da tsaftace yanayin zafi da jami'in lafiyar muhalli na yankinku ya aiwatar. Tuntuɓi sashen lafiya na gundumar ku kai tsaye kuma ku nemi jadawalin zafin wanke kayan da suke da shi a yanzu.
Kula da Yanayin Zafi A Lokacin Canji
Duba yanayin zafin buɗewa bai isa ba. Ruwa a cikin kwano mai buɗewa yana rasa zafi akai-akai, musamman lokacin da aka nutsar da kwanuka, tukwane, da kayan aiki akai-akai. Ɗaki na uku wanda ke nuna 171°F da ƙarfe 10 na safe zai iya zama a 155°F da ƙarfe 12:30 na rana ba tare da wani ya lura ba.
Jadawalin Canjin Ruwa na yau da kullun
Canza dukkan sassa uku a kan tsari mai ƙayyadadden lokaci bayan kowace awa biyu zuwa huɗu, ko kuma nan take lokacin da:
- Ruwan wanke-wanke yana canzawa kamar gajimare, mai, ko kuma yana canza launi.
- Ruwan kurkura yana nuna kumfa ko wani fim mai sabulu a saman.
- Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta na'urar auna zafin jiki (thermometer) tana auna ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin kowace kwano.
- Gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa yawan sinadarin tsaftace jiki ya ragu ƙasa da lambar-mafi ƙarancin ppm.
Samfurin Rajistar Zafin Jiki (Nazarin Sauri)
A saka wannan rajistan a saman wurin wanke kayanka na ɗaki uku. Masu kula da kicin dole ne su sanya hannu a kan kowace shigarwar aiki kafin a fara hidimar.
| Kwanan wata | Canji | Wanke °F | Kurkura °F | Tsaftace °F | Mai tsarkakewa ppm | Haruffan Ma'aikata |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | AM | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | MID | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | PM | — | — | — | — | — |
Masu duba lafiya suna buƙatar wannan rajista akai-akai. Gibin da ke cikin rajistar, musamman game da canje-canjen aiki ko lokutan cin abinci mai yawa, yana jawo bincike yayin dubawa. Cikakken rajistar da ba ta karye ba yana nuna gudanar da aiki mai aiki, ba bin ƙa'idodin amsawa ba.
Kayan Aiki Da Ke Rike Zafi
Matsayin da ma'aunin sink ɗinku yana shafar yadda zafin ruwa ke raguwa da sauri tsakanin nauyin kwano. Sink ɗin da aka gina daga bakin ƙarfe mai girman ma'auni 16 (1.5 mm) ko mafi nauyi na Grade 304 yana riƙe zafi fiye da siraran na'urori masu girman ma'auni 20. Kwandon ruwa masu zurfin bango a tsaye suna rage yankin da iskar kicin ke fuskanta, wanda ke rage asarar zafi.
Lokacin da ake ƙayyade kayan aiki, a ba wa kowane ɗaki ƙaramin zurfin inci 14 da kuma girman kwano na ciki wanda ya dace da adadin murfin ku. Kwano mai zurfi yana tilasta wa ma'aikata su nutsar da manyan tukwane a kusurwa, wanda ke hana lokacin haɗuwa gaba ɗaya da nutsewa kuma yana ɓata matakin tsaftacewa.sinks na ɗakin kasuwanciya haɗa da tsarin zurfin da aka tsara musamman don dacewa da tsarin famfon dafa abinci na kasuwanci da buƙatun lambar gida.
A saka jadawalin zafin jiki a saman sink ɗinka, a cika rajistar kowane aiki, sannan a tabbatar da sabulun wanke-wanke tare da ma'aunin gwaji kafin kowane lokacin aiki. Don sink ɗin ƙaramin ƙarfe mai girman gaske, wanda aka daidaita da buƙatun famfo da girma na kicin ɗinka, a gabatar da zane-zanen tsarinka ta hanyarLambobin sadarwa na Xinhe.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai
Wane zafin jiki ya kamata wurin wanka mai sassa 3 ya kasance?
Kwandon wanke-wanke na wurin wanke-wanke na ɗaki uku yana buƙatar ruwa a zafin jiki na 110°F (43°C) ko sama da haka, kuma kwandon wanke-wanke yana buƙatar 110°F ko sama da haka. Kwandon wanke-wanke yana buƙatar ko dai 171°F (77°C) don tsaftace ruwan zafi tare da nutsewa na daƙiƙa 30, ko kuma 75°F zuwa 120°F (24°C zuwa 49°C) don tsaftace sinadarai a daidai yawan ppm.
Yaya zafin ruwan tsarkakewa ya kamata ya kasance?
Don tsaftace ruwan zafi, ruwan dole ne ya kai aƙalla 171°F (77°C) kuma kwanuka dole ne su kasance a nutse na tsawon daƙiƙa 30. Don tsaftace sinadarai, zafin ruwa yana ƙasa da yawan sinadarai. Ajiye ruwan tsakanin 75°F da 120°F, sannan yi amfani da tsiri na gwaji a kowane canjin aiki don tabbatar da cewa ppm na tsaftace sinadarai ya faɗi cikin iyakokin doka don takamaiman sinadaran ku.
