Ubushyuhe bw'amazi yo mu cyumba kimwe: Ibisabwa mu gukaraba, gukaraba no gusukura
Umugenzuzi w’ubuzima akura thermometer y’icyuma gipima ubushyuhe ku gikarabiro cyawe cy’ibice bitatu kugira ngo arebe ikintu kimwe mbere na mbere: ubushyuhe bw’amazi. Kubura ikimenyetso muri kimwe muri ibyo bice bitatu maze inzira yose yo gukaraba ibikoresho irananirwa. Ibyo bituma akazi kawe gashobora gucibwa amande, gucibwa amande, cyangwa gufungwa by’agateganyo. Iyi nyandiko isobanura neza ubushyuhe bwo koza, koza, no gusukura nk’uko amategeko agenga ibiribwa ya FDA n’amategeko agenga ubuzima bw’aho utuye abiteganya.
Itegeko ry'ubushyuhe muri make
| Icyumba | Intego | Ubushyuhe buke | Igenzura |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karaba | Kuraho ibisigazwa by'ibiryo n'amavuta | Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 43°C | Temometerometero idakoresha amazi |
| Oza | Sukura isabune mu buso | Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 43°C | Gusimbuza amazi meza buri gihe |
| Sukura amazi ashyushye | Kwica udukoko tudakoresheje imiti ihumanya ikirere | Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 77°C | Kwinjira mu mazi mu masegonda 30, thermometer igenzurwa neza |
| Gusukura, imiti | Kwica udukoko dutera indwara binyuze mu gupima | Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 75°F na 120°F (24°C na 49°C) | Udupapuro tw'igerageza duhuye n'ubwoko bw'imiti |
Icyumba cyo gukarabamo: Ubushyuhe buke buri 110°F
Itegeko rigenga ibiribwa rya FDA rishyiraho ubushyuhe bwa 110°F (43°C) nk'igipimo ntarengwa cyemewe n'amategeko ku gikarabiro cya mbere cy'ikigega cy'ibice bitatu. Uwo mubare ni hasi, ntabwo ari intego. Abakoresha bagomba kugira ubushyuhe bwa 110°F kugeza 120°F.
Munsi y'ubushyuhe bwa 110°F, ibinure by'inyamaswa birakomera ku masahani. Amavuta akomera agahinduka agapfukamunwa kadashobora gukurwaho burundu, kandi ibisigazwa bibuza imiti yica udukoko kugera kuri bagiteri mu gice cya nyuma. Ingaruka ni uko habaho imiterere y'ibihumanya: amasahani asa neza ariko atwara udukoko turi bazima.
Hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 120, poroteyine nk'igi n'amata zihurira ku isahani, zigahuza ibintu bikomeye ku buso bityo bikagorana kubikuramo. Ubwo bushyuhe bunatera impungenge ku mutekano w'abakozi mu gihe cyo koza amasahani hakoreshejwe intoki.
Intego ifatika ni 112°F kugeza 118°F. Ubwo bushyuhe buhagije ku buryo amasabune ashobora gukora n'amavuta agakomeza kuba amazi, ariko akaba ashobora gukoreshwa n'intoki buri gihe.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amazi yo gukaraba mu gihe cyo gutanga serivisi
- Suzuma thermometer buri cyumweru. Koresha uburyo bwa ice-point (32°F / 0°C) kugira ngo urebe neza niba isuzuma ari ryo ryose mbere yo gupima ibigega bishyushye.
- Reba buri minota 60. Koresha thermometer ya digital probe idapfa amazi mu gihe ukora. Gukoraho gusa si igipimo cyizewe.
- Simbuza amazi ku bintu bibiri bitera amazi. Kuramo amazi hanyuma wongere uyashyire mu ruganda igihe ubushyuhe bugabanutse munsi ya dogere serisiyusi 110, cyangwa igihe amazi ahindutse nk'ibicu cyangwa amavuta. Kora ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kigaragara mbere.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku byo abagenzuzi bagenzura aho utegera amasahani, rebauburyo abagenzuzi b'ubuzima bagenzura ubushyuhe bw'aho hantu.
Icyumba cyo koza: 110°F Amazi meza
Igice cya kabiri cy'isafuriya y'ibice bitatu si ubwa kabiri. Akazi kayo ni ugukuraho imiti: gukuramo ibisigazwa by'isabune ya alkaline ku masahani mbere yuko yinjira mu bwogero bw'isuku.
Amasabune yo mu birori akoreshwa mu bucuruzi ni alkaline. Jyana n'agapfunyika gato k'isabune mu gice cya gatatu maze pH y'umuti wawe wo gusukura izamuka. Umuti wo gusukura wa chlorine wa 50 ppm utakaza ubushobozi iyo pH irenze 8.0. Umuti wo gusukura ushingiye kuri Quat urushaho kwangizwa n'ingaruka za pH.
Gufata ubushyuhe bwa 110°F mu gikoni cyo koza bituma molekile za surfactant zishonga kandi zigendagenda. Amazi akonje atuma molekile za sabune zikomera ku buso bwiza, bigatuma habaho ibicu bitagira aho bihurira n'amaso ariko ibizamini bya ATP swab bikabona. Abakozi bagomba kwinjiza amasahani yose kandi bakemeza ko nta dupira tw'isabune dusigaye mbere yo kwimura ibintu mu gikoni cyo gusukura.
Hindura amazi yo koza buri masaha abiri, cyangwa mbere yaho niba ikiyiko kigaragaje ibicu cyangwa ifuro. Kugira ngo umenye neza intambwe ku yindiurukurikirane rwuzuye rw'ibicuruzwa kuva mu gusya kugeza mu kumisha umwuka, reba ubuyobozi bwa protocole y'inshuti.
Icyumba cyo gusukura: Amazi ashyushye ugereranije n'ibinyabutabire
Igikombe cya gatatu cy'ibigega byawe bitatu ni intambwe ya nyuma yo kwica. Hari uburyo bubiri bwemewe n'amategeko bushingiye ku mategeko agenga ibiribwa ya FDA, kandi ibisabwa mu bushyuhe bwabyo biratandukanye rwose.
| Igipimo | Gusukura amazi ashyushye | Umuti wica udukoko |
|---|---|---|
| Icyitonderwa cy'amategeko y'ibiribwa ya FDA | § 4-703.11 (C) | § 4-501.114 |
| Ubushyuhe buke cyane | Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 77°C | Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 75°F na 120°F (24°C na 49°C) |
| Igihe cyo kuvugana | Amasegonda 30 byibuze | Amasegonda 7 kugeza kuri 30 bitewe n'imiti |
| Igikoresho cyo kugenzura | Temometerometero ya pime ikoze mu buryo bwa "calibrated" | Udupapuro tw'igerageza duhuye n'ubwoko bw'imiti |
| Ibisabwa ku bikoresho | Igishyushya cyongera imbaraga cyangwa icyuma gishyushya munsi y'amazi | Nta bikoresho byihariye bikenewe |
| Ingaruka iyo zitarasobanuwe neza | Udukoko twangiza indwara turarokoka; isuzuma ryananiwe | Intege nke za ppm zihwanye n'igipimo cy'ubwicanyi kidahagije |
Gusukura mu rwego rwa 171: Iyo amazi ashyushye afite ishingiro
Amazi ashyushye asukura ku bushyuhe bwa 171°F (77°C) asaba ko amasahani aguma yuzuye mu mazi mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30. Ubushyuhe bwinjira mu myobo yo hejuru nta bisigazwa bya shimi cyangwa impumuro mbi, inyungu nyayo mu bikorwa bifasha abaturage batishoboye nk'abatuye mu bigo byita ku barwayi, abarwayi bo mu bitaro, cyangwa abana bato.
Ingorane ni iy'ikoranabuhanga. Amashyushya amazi asanzwe yo mu bucuruzi atanga amazi hagati ya 120°F na 140°F. Kugera no kugumana 171°F mu gikoni gifunguye cy'icyuma kidafunze bisaba icyuma gishyushya cyangwa icyuma gitwika gaze munsi y'icyumba. Abakozi bakeneye uduseke tw'insinga kugira ngo bamanure kandi bafate amasahani neza, kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo mu kirere byongera umunaniro mu gihe kirekire cyo kuyakoresha. Ku bikorwa byinshi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bikwiye, uburyo ni bwiza. Ku gikoni gito, ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa remezo akenshi gitera icyemezo cyo gusukura imiti.
Sanitizer y'imiti: Kubona ppm neza
Gusukura ibikomoka ku miti ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoni by’ubucuruzi kuko bidasaba ibikorwa remezo by’amazi ashyushye cyane. Igikombe cya gatatu kiri hagati ya dogere 75 na dogere 120, kandi igipimo cy’urupfu giterwa n’ubwinshi bw’ibikomoka ku miti aho kuba ubushyuhe.
Abakozi bagomba gupima chlorine ppm n'ibindi bikoresho byo gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe uduce duto two gupima dukwiye kuri buri mpinduka. Amahitamo atatu y'imiti yemewe muri FDA ni:
- Ifu ya klorini: Bika chlorine iri hagati ya 50 na 100 ppm. Igihe gito cyo kuyikoraho ni amasegonda 7 kuri 50 ppm, cyangwa amasegonda 10 kuri 50 na 100 ppm. Ikora neza kandi ihendutse, ariko yangiza ibyuma bimwe na bimwe uko igihe kigenda.
- Ammonium ya Quaternary (Quat): Bika ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 200 na 400 ppm. Igihe gito cyo gukoraho ni amasegonda 30. Ntiyangiza icyuma kidashonga, nta mpumuro, kandi ikwiriye ahantu hashobora gukora ku biribwa.
- Umuti wa iyode: Gufata 12.5 kugeza 25 ppm. Igihe gito cyo gukoraho ni amasegonda 30. Yoroshye ku ntoki ariko ishobora guhindura ibara ryoroheje rya pulasitiki.
Amakosa abiri yo gupima ibintu ni ikibazo kimwe. Umuti uri munsi ya ppm ntarengwa ntugera ku gipimo cy’ubuzima gisabwa. Umuti uri hejuru ya ppm ntarengwa usiga ibisigazwa bya shimi ku masahani bishobora kwanduza ibiryo bigatera indwara, ni yo ntambwe yo gusukura ihari kugira ngo hirindwe.
Impinduka mu mikorere y'amategeko ya Leta n'ay'ibanze
Itegeko ry’ibiribwa rya FDA rikora nk'icyitegererezo. Inzego z’ubuzima za leta n’iz’ibanze ziraryiyemeza kandi zikarivugurura ku giti cyazo, bivuze ko ahantu hatatu ho gukaraba mu turere dutandukanye hakora hakurikijwe amategeko atandukanye ashobora gukurikizwa.
Ishami ry’ubuzima ry’uturere twinshi muri Kaliforuniya na Texas rishyiraho ubushyuhe bwo koga nibura kuri dogere 120 F aho gushyiraho ubushyuhe bwa leta bwa dogere 110 F. Amwe mu mategeko y’ibanze asaba abakora akazi ko gushyiramo inyandiko y’ubushyuhe iruhande rw’aho basiga ibikoresho byabo. Andi ategeka ko imirongo y’ibipimo by’imiti ituruka ku gikoresho gisanzwe iguma kuri konti mu masaha y’igenzura.
Icyuho kiri hagati y’amategeko ya leta n’amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko y’ibanze gitera ibyago bikomeye ku bakora ibikorwa byabo bishingikiriza ku buyobozi bwa leta gusa. Mbere yo kuvugurura uruhushya rwawe cyangwa igenzura ritunguranye, emeza ibisabwa byihariye byo koza, koza no gusukura ubushyuhe umukozi ushinzwe ubuzima bushingiye ku bidukikije mu gace utuyemo ashyira mu bikorwa. Vugana n’ishami ry’ubuzima ry’akarere kawe utaziguye kandi ubaze ingengabihe y’ubushyuhe bwo koza ibikoresho.
Kubungabunga ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo guhinduranya
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gufungura ntibihagije. Amazi ari mu bikombe bifunguye atakaza ubushyuhe buri gihe, cyane cyane iyo amasahani akonje, inkono n'ibikoresho bijugunywa mu mazi inshuro nyinshi. Igice cya gatatu gifite ubushyuhe bwa 171°F saa yine za mu gitondo gishobora kuba kuri 155°F saa sita n'igice z'umugoroba nta muntu ubizi.
Gahunda Isanzwe y'Impinduka mu Mazi
Hindura ibice byose uko ari bitatu ku gihe gihoraho buri masaha abiri cyangwa ane, cyangwa ako kanya iyo:
- Amazi yo gukaraba ahinduka nk'ibicu, amavuta, cyangwa agahindura ibara.
- Amazi yo koza agaragaza ifuro cyangwa agapfukamunwa k'isabune hejuru.
- Temometero y'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe iri munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo hasi mu gikombe icyo ari cyo cyose.
- Imirongo y'ibizamini igaragaza ko igipimo cy'umuti wica udukoko cyagabanutse munsi ya kode-minimum ppm.
Icyitegererezo cy'inyandiko y'ubushyuhe (Icyitonderwa cyihuse)
Shyira iyi nyandiko hejuru y'igikoni cyawe cy'ibice bitatu. Abashinzwe igikoni bagomba gusinya buri gihe cyo kwinjira mu gikoni mbere yuko serivisi itangira.
| Itariki | Guhindura | Karaba °F | Oza °F | Sukura °F | Sanitizer ppm | Inyuguti z'umukozi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | AM | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | MID | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | PM | — | — | — | — | — |
Abagenzuzi b'ubuzima basaba iyi raporo buri gihe. Icyuho kiri mu nyandiko, cyane cyane ku mpinduka z'akazi cyangwa igihe cyo kurya kinini, gikurura igenzura mu gihe cy'igenzura. Inyandiko yuzuye kandi idasibangana igaragaza imicungire y'imikorere ikora, ntabwo igaragaza uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko.
Ibikoresho Bifata Ubushyuhe
Ingano n'igipimo cy'isahani yawe bigira ingaruka ku buryo ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugabanuka vuba hagati y'ibikapu biremereye. Isahani y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya 16-gauge (1.5 mm) cyangwa kinini cya Grade 304 igumana ubushyuhe igihe kirekire kurusha ibipimo by'inkuta 20 bifite inkuta ndende. Amasahani maremare afite inkuta ndende zihagaze zigabanya ubuso bushobora guhumekwa n'umwuka wo mu gikoni, bigatinda gutakaza ubushyuhe.
Mu gihe ugena ibikoresho, buri gice gitanga ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 14 n'ingano y'imbere y'igisenge ijyanye n'umubare w'igipfukisho cyawe cyo hejuru. Igikombe gito gihatira abakozi kwibira inkono nini mu mfuruka, ibyo bikabuza igihe cyose cyo kwinjira mu mazi kandi bigatuma intambwe yo gusukura amazi idakora. Urubuga rwacu rwasinki z'ubucuruziirimo imiterere yihariye ijyanye n'imiterere y'amazi yo mu gikoni cy'ubucuruzi hamwe n'ibisabwa mu mibare yo mu gace utuyemo.
Shyira imbonerahamwe y'ubushyuhe hejuru y'isafuriya yawe, wuzuze ububiko buri gihe cyo guhinduranya ibikoresho, kandi urebe neza ppm ukoresheje imirongo yo gupima mbere ya buri gihe cyo kuyikoresha. Ku masafuriya y'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma biremereye kandi bingana neza bihuye n'ibisabwa mu gikoni cyawe n'ingano y'amazi, ohereza ibishushanyo byawe binyuze mu buryo bwo kubishyira mu gikoni.Umuntu wo kuvugana na Xinhe.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ubushyuhe bw'igikoni cy'ibice bitatu bugomba kuba bungana iki?
Igikarabiro cyo mu gikarabiro gifite ibice bitatu gikenera amazi ari hejuru ya 43°C (43°C), naho igikarabiro cyo mu gikarabiro nacyo gikenera 110°C cyangwa hejuru yayo. Igikarabiro cyo mu gikarabiro gisaba 77°C kugira ngo gisukure amazi ashyushye hifashishijwe amazi ashyushye mu mazi abira mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30, cyangwa 75°C kugeza 120°F (24°C kugeza 49°C) kugira ngo gisukure imiti ku gipimo gikwiye cya ppm.
Amazi yo gusukura agomba kuba ashyushye angahe?
Ku bijyanye no gusukura amazi ashyushye, amazi agomba kugera nibura kuri dogere selisiyusi 77 kandi amasahani agomba kuguma mu mazi mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30 yose. Ku bijyanye no gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe imiti, ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri inyuma y'ubunini bw'imiti. Bika amazi hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 75 na dogere selisiyusi 120, hanyuma ukoreshe uduce two gupima buri gihe kugira ngo wemeze ko imiti isukura iri mu rugero rwemewe n'amategeko ku miti yawe.
